400s-1400s
This is the name for the system of kings, queens, knights, serfs, etc. - how European societies were organized for hundreds of years.
Feudalism
The word "renaissance" means _______ in French. In other words, it was a _______ of ancient European arts and culture in Europe.
Rebirth
Which Christian community was the most powerful Christian community in Europe for over 1,000 years.
The Roman Catholic Church
What is the name for the scientific approach that focuses on observing, experimenting, and using reason to understand how the natural world works?
Scientific Revolution
Which famous Renaissance artist, inventor, and scientist is known as the ultimate "Renaissance man" for his diverse talents in painting, engineering, and anatomy?
Leonardo da Vinci
During all these time periods, the most popular form of government was...
Monarchy (Kings, queens, princes/princesses, etc.)
What was the name of the large, fortified home where medieval lords and their families lived, which also served as a place for defense?
Castle
This was the first place the Renaissance started, and it spread around Europe from here.
Italy
The Protestant Reformation started out as a _______ against the teachings and practices of the Catholic Church.
Protest
What idea, developed by Isaac Newton, explains that every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force?
Universal Gravitation
Which Renaissance artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
What was the first best-selling book printed using machines in Europe?
The Bible
What kind of building served as the center of religious and community life in most medieval European villages?
The church
During the Renaissance, Europeans began exploring books and ideas from Ancient ________ as a way of reconnecting with their history. The Catholic Church thought these ideas were "heretical."
Greece/Rome
The Protestant Reformation began in the modern country of ______ and spread around the world.
Which powerful European community tried to stop many scientists from publishing their findings?
The Roman Catholic (Christian) Church
Who wrote the 95 Theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
What animal is believed to have carried the fleas that spread the Black Death?
This terrible global pandemic happened during the Medieval times, killing 30-70% of people in European countries?
Black Death/Bubonic Plague
What was the term for wealthy supporters, like the Medici family, who paid for artists and scholars during the Renaissance?
Patrons
What did the Catholic Church try to do once the Protestant Reformation started?
They tried to silence and stop the protestant leaders by kicking them out of the Church.
What major religious event, which emphasized questioning authority and traditional beliefs, helped pave the way for the questioning of scientific knowledge?
Protestant Reformation
This King of England made tried to make his entire country leave the Catholic Church after the Catholic leader, the pope, said he couldn't get a divorce and stay a Christian. So he started his own Church.
King Henry VIII (The 8th)
Which empire in Asia helped spread the Black Death around Afro-Eurasia?
The Mongol Empire
During this time period, Christian European kings and queens started a big war with the Muslim leaders of the middle east. They wanted to take all the "holy lands" mentioned in the Bible from the people who lived there. What was this event called?
The Crusades
Which Renaissance idea believed that people could shape their own future through learning and intellectual activities?
Individualism
What is the name of the idea, inspired in Europe by the Protestant Reformation, that says that people should be free to choose their own religion?
Religious tolerance
What was one key cause of the Scientific Revolution, involving the rediscovery of ancient texts and causing people to question the power of the Catholic church?
The Renaissance
Which European man invented the "printing press" in the 1400s, making it easier and cheaper to make books?
Johannes Gutenberg
What major public building project, started in 1163, took over 180 years to complete and became one of the most famous cathedrals in the world? It almost entirely burned down in 2019.
The Notre Dame (Paris, France)
What medieval European institution offered education, kept important knowledge, and played a key role in religious life, often found in monasteries?
The Catholic Church
What major trade route, linking Europe and Asia, brought wealth to Italian city-states and helped lead to the rise of the Renaissance?
The Silk Roads
What was the major way that Protestant Christian and Catholic Christian leaders competed for power in Europe during the Protestant Reformation?
War/violence
What new technology helped scientists prove that the Catholic Church was wrong about the Earth being the center of the universe?
The telescope
Which European scientist helped to make the telescope better, and was put on trial by the Catholic Church because he supported the idea that the Sun is at the center of the universe?
Galileo Galilei
This was a time period in Spain, when Christian leaders were trying to kick Jews and Muslims out of their country, by putting them on trial and forcing them to convert to Christianity or be killed.
The Inquisition
What was the name of the code of conduct that knights were expected to follow, emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and protection of the weak?
Chivalry
What term describes the Renaissance shift from religious to more secular subjects in art and literature?
Secularism
Catholics, angry about the Reformation, started killing these particular Christians in Europe during the Protestant Reformation. Many of them came to Pennsylvania to live.
Amish/Mennonites
What scientific tool, invented in the 16th century, allows us to measure how hot or cold something is?
The thermometer
Which European came up with the idea that the Sun is at the center of the universe during the Scientific Revolution?
Nicolas Copernicus
What was the name of the period in Europe, starting around 1300, when the climate cooled significantly and affected agriculture?
The Little Ice Age
What architectural style, characterized by pointed arches and large stained glass windows, became popular for cathedrals in medieval Europe?
Gothic architecture
What idea from the Renaissance stresses the importance of human potential and individual achievement?
Humanism
What kinds of leaders gained more power in Europe after the Catholic Church lost followers? (Hint: They aren't religious)
Political Leaders / Emperors / Kings
What instrument, used for measuring angles and navigation, became more accurate during the time of the Scientific Revolution?
The Sextant
This famous Italian family of rich people helped fund a lot of the artists and inventors of the Renaissance.
Medici
What famous document, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king and is considered an early step toward constitutional government?
The Magna Carta