Chemistry
This term describes the electrons found in an atom's outermost shell.
What are valence electrons?
This term describes the attraction between water molecules.
What is cohesion?
These are the monomers that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
This type of lipid is the primary component of the cell membrane.
What is a phospholipid?
This process joins monomers together while releasing a molecule of water.
What is condensation?
This type of bond forms when two atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
This term describes the attraction between water and a different substance or surface.
What is adhesion?
This covalent bond forms between two amino acids during a condensation reaction.
What is a peptide bond?
A phospholipid contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. This property is described by this term.
What is amphipathic?
This process uses water to break a polymer into smaller units.
What is hydrolysis?
In an O---H bond, the shared electrons spend more time near oxygen because oxygen has more of this property.
What is electronegativity?
A substance that readily interacts with or dissolves in water is described by this term.
What is hydrophilic?
This level of protein structure is determined by the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
What is primary structure?
In a phospholipid bilayer, these parts of the phospholipids face inward, away from water.
What are the hydrophobic tails?
A protein consists of several polypeptide chains interacting together. This represents which level of protein structure?
What is quaternary structure?
An atom loses an electron during a chemical reaction. What happens to its electrical charge?
What is a cation?
Ice floats on liquid water because ice has this property compared with liquid water.
What is lower density?
This type of bond joins monosaccharides together to form larger carbohydrates.
What is glycosidic bond?
Which would cross a phospholipid bilayer more easily: O₂ or Na⁺?
What is O₂?
A mutation changes one amino acid in a protein. Why could this change the protein’s function?
The change can alter the protein’s folding/shape, and protein structure determines function.
An atom has six valence electrons. Assuming it follows the octet rule, how many additional electrons does it need to fill its outer shell?
What is 2 electrons?
Water can absorb a relatively large amount of energy without undergoing a large change in temperature because it has this property.
What is high specific heat?
A biological molecule contains a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What type of monomer is it, and what macromolecule does it help form?
What is a nucleotide, which forms nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA?
A membrane contains more unsaturated fatty-acid tails than before. What happens to the membrane’s fluidity?
What is increased membrane fluidity?
A molecule crosses an artificial phospholipid bilayer very quickly without the help of a membrane protein. Based on the membrane properties discussed in lecture, what two characteristics would you predict this molecule has?
It is likely small and nonpolar.