Working Memory
True or False. Patient K.F has anterograde amnesia.
False. Patient K.F has a normal LTM but an impaired short-term memory
Episodic and Semantic Memory are types of:
Long term Memory
Jerry can not seem to remember what he was just doing ten seconds ago. What type of amnesia might Jerry have?
Anterograde amnesia: cannot form new episodic memories
Name one potential reason it might be beneficial to forget.
Discard irrelevant details, or for efficiency sake
You recall best the first letters in a sequence of letters. What is this phenomenon called?
The primacy effect
True
True or False: Source memory is one of the more reliable parts of our memory.
False; Source memory is one of the LEAST reliable parts of our memory!
True or False: Flashbulb memories are very vivid, detailed, and accurate.
False; although they are vivid and detailed, they can be inaccurate
True or False: Iconic sensory memory encodes for all sensory info and decays very quickly.
False: Although it does decay very quickly, it only encodes visual/spatial information.
The reason you remember snow and hot chocolate when christmas is mentioned.
spreading activation/associative links
What is a possible explanation for why spaced practice is more effective for studying?
Encoding variability (create more pathways to access information), or effortful retrieval
Someone who easily believes in conspiracy theories and that they were abducted by aliens are more susceptible to:
False memories, misinformation
Which of the following would interfere with the phonological loop?
A: Words with similar meaning
B: Words with similar sounds
C: Counting backwards while memorizing
D: Viewing irrelevant pictures
B and C. The phonological loop stores sound, so words with similar sounds would be harder to differentiate. Concurrent speaking tasks, like counting backwards, would also interfere.
Memory is state-dependent. What does this mean, and what is an example of this?
This means that context (both physical and emotional) is encoded into memories, therefore making more relevant memories easier to recall.
DAILY DOUBLE: Why does testing practice help with memory?
You practice retrieval of the memory, and it builds new connections of the information to other cues.
What are the two types of interference of memories and how do they interfere?
Hint: Similar to the two types of amnesia..
Retroactive (new memories block old) and Proactive (old memories block new)
What did they conclude from the experiment with Patient S.F.?
They concluded that he was able to memorize large sequences by chunking the sequences. Practice does not improve STM but rather LTM strategies like mnemonics helped him memorize long sequences.
True or False. Whenever you can't remember something, it means that the memory is no longer in your LTM.
False. Our memory prioritizes relevant memories, so if you cannot remember something at the moment, additional information or related context might help you remember.
Source confusion is a common issue when trying to remember accurately. Which of the following is NOT affected by source confusion?
Misinformation effect, interference, flashbulb memories, decay, false memories
Decay: memories fade and disappear over time, is not related to source confusion.
Name two explanations for why Flashbulb Memories are so vivid and detailed compared to other memories.
Emotion improves memory, Repeated viewing/hearing of the event strengthens the memory, and Repeated telling of the memory makes the memory vivid and detailed (but maybe not accurate!)