Language Development
Cognitive Development
Studies
Sociocultural Development
Emotional Development
100
The concept in which infants and adults perceive VOT changes as two different phonemes instead of continuously as they are in reality.
What is categorical perception?
100
This technique is based on the expectation that infants lose interest in objects that are familiar.
What is habituation?
100
Temperaments in MZ twins are more similar than those of DZ twins. This is evidence of what?
What is the genetic basis of temperament?
100
This is the level of Bronfenbrenner’s systems model which involves contexts that the children are not a part of directly but are nevertheless important for their development.
What is the exosystem?
100
This is children’s use of a parent’s facial, vocal, or gestural cues to decide on how to deal with ambiguous situations
What is social referencing?
200
: ‘Talk’, ‘talked’, ‘talking’, and ‘talks’ are all examples of this.
What is morphology?
200
This technique is based on the expectation that infants are surprised at the events that are inconsistent with their knowledge.
What is violation-of-expectancy?
200
This is the method and findings of the Ballarigeon (impossible event) study.
Use visual preference method instead of motor abilities. Infants habituated to a screen moving 180 degrees forward and backward. Shown a possible event when a box is placed behind it (stops at box) and impossible event (screen goes through the space where the box is located). 3-4 month/ old looked longer at impossible event! Piaget never would have predicted this. → Piaget was wrong about object permanence in infants?
200
Uneducated children working as street vendors, and their inability to perform typical math problems done in school is representative of what?
What is the sociocultural context in which children develop and learn?
200
One’s style of responding to the environment
What is temperament?
300
learning meaning systems and words of language refers to this type of language development.
What is pragmatic?
300
This is applying a word that you know (such as table) to other objects that have similar shapes
What is shape bias?
300
This is why children have a difficult time using scale models as symbols, and what works for younger children using scale models.
A 3 year old can use a model room to find a toy in a real sized room. However, a 2.5 year old cannot complete this task. They seem to lack the ability of symbolic thought and dual representation. But, if researchers say that they SHRINK the toy in the shrinking machine, the child doesn’t have to think about the toy as a symbol, but instead the same toy (only shrunken).
300
As a teacher, Fiona tries to challenge her students to maximize their learning by going over challenging material that is not too far past their current knowledge that is impossible to comprehend by staying within this range.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
300
negative, undifferentiated distress.
What is an infant's typical emotion.
400
Speech perception vs. speech production is an example of this.
What is competence versus performance?
400
According to Piaget, people strive for this state, thus driving learning through accommodation and assimilation.
What is equilibrium?
400
This is what happened in the noisy monkey experiment, and the point of doing it.
Researchers gave children control over the monkey’s noise and no control over the noise. The babies who had no control showed more distress. The same was seen in the predictability study – if the monkeys amount of noise was at a predictable interval, babies showed less distress than babies who were exposed to a monkey with no predictability of noise.
400
This is explicit and tacit guidance that adults consciously direct towards a child to help them be able to participate successfully in an activity that is valued in their culture.
What is guided participation?
400
blind and sighted athletes “victory” and “defeat” body language having many similarities are evidence for this
What is the universality of emotional body language?
500
This is the developmental trajectory for language production.
What is cooing, babbling, first words, and word spurt/ telegraphic speech?
500
These are the reasons why children fail the A-not-B task...
What are faulty information processing, limited memory capacity, underdeveloped dorsal lateral prefrontal cortexes, and limited motor abilities.
500
This is intermodal matching. The study accompanying it is….
What is matching different stimuli from different sensory inputs. For example, when babies listened to angry and happy soundtracks from films, babies looked more at the matching face with the soundtrack they were hearing.
500
This is a major factor affecting parenting style.
What is socioeconomic status? (SES)
500
The styles of attachment are...
What is Secure (parent as safe base to explore), Resistant (distressed when parent leaves, distressed, mad when the parent returns), Avoidant (little distress when the parent leaves or returns), Disorganized (more insecure, confused, and absence of a pattern of attachment)?
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