Cueing systems
Phonological
Understanding that:
1. The English language has 26 letters that make 44 sounds.
2. Mapping sound (phonemes) onto letters (graphemes).
3. Word recognition through the alphabetic principle.
Text: The student skipped to school.
St: “The student walks to school.”
Pragmatic
What is an IRI?
An informal reading assessment that measures a student's reading and comprehension skills.
What is a running record?
An informal reading assessment where the student reads and the teacher records any errors that occur.
Formative
Monitors learning “in-form-ation."
Informs teaching.
Assessment drives instruction - allows for adjustments to be made to instruction and/or differentiated instruction.
Examples: kid watching, check for understanding, pre-test, reviewing drafts of work, quiz
Semantic
Understanding that:
1.Meaning cues that focus vocabulary.
2.Using context to figure out unknown words.
Text: She tries very hard.”
St: “She tires very hard.”
Semantic
Is this an IRI? Flynt Cooter
Yes
Independent Reading Level
95 to 100 percent accuracy
Promoting student learning in:
Fluency
Vocabulary acquisition
Comprehension concepts
Stamina
Motivation
Summative
Sums up what was learned
Occurs AFTER learning objectives taught
Examples: Spelling test, book report, math worksheet, science experiment
High stakes assessment as a grade is attached to the assessment.
Syntactic
Understanding that:
1.Structural system of a language that governs how words are ordered in phrases and sentences (i.e., grammar).
2.Knowledge of the way language sounds in a sentence. An English sentence and a Spanish sentence are set up differently.
Text: The home had four bedrooms.
St: “The house hade four bedrooms.”
Phonological/Graphophonemic
Is this an IRI? DRA assessment
Yes
Instructional Reading Level
90-94% accuracy word reading accuracy.
Reading is “just right” (ZPD)
Promoting literacy learning development, because students using and practicing word recognition strategies and skills.
Traditional
Based on the premise that schools must teach a body of knowledge and skills
School is accountable for teaching that body of knowledge.
May be standardized or teacher-created.
Pragmatic
Understanding that:
1. Language according to social and cultural uses..
2. Language is used for a purpose.
3. Speaker must choose an appropriate code or style in which something is communicated.
4. Involves the rules of conversation.
Text: Shelia sang all day and night.
“Shelly plays all day and might.”
Syntactic
Is this an IRI? STAAR test
NO!
Frustrational Reading Level
89% or below word reading accuracy
TOO HARD!!
No learning is occurring!!!!
Promotes a negative self-image
Hate of reading
Authentic
Resembles and reflects real world tasks
Requires students to demonstrate knowledge, skills, and strategies by creating a product or performance or by following a process.
Usually contains a self-evaluation (reflection) component for students
Usually uses a rubric.
Examples-portfolios, writing workshop, literature circles, science experiments