Chapters 1 & 2: History and Research
The systematic study of society and social interaction is:
Sociology
Language, traditions, ideas, belief systems, and even transportation are all examples of:
Non-Material Culture
A status given to you at birth:
An ascribed status
A group you are a part of is called your _________; whereas the you don't belong to is called the _______.
In-group, out-group
A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms:
Deviance
How individuals understand how their own actions relate to the broader history and societal norms/structure:
Sociological Imagination
Material Culture
Statuses you obtain by choice, such as a high-school dropout, self-made millionaire, or nurse, would be:
An achieved status
Primary group; Secondary group
Getting a promotion would be an example of a:
(I'm looking for two types of sanctions)
Positive, formal sanction
This individual was known for his critique of capitalism, theories on class struggle, and his ideas on class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat:
Karl Marx
Provide 3 examples of "popular culture"
Answers vary - could be anything like Tik Tok, Labubu, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, 6-7 jokes, and more!
(In other words, we imagine how we appear to others)
The looking-glass self
A leader who is hands-off would be ________; whereas a leader who issues orders with no feedback from group members would be ________.
Laissez-faire; Authoritarian
An entrepreneur who can't afford to launch their own company may be tempted to embezzle from their employer for start-up funds. This theory states that individuals who have socially acceptable goals may not have the socially acceptable means to achieve that goal:
Strain Theory
What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks?
Reusing her cells without her consent
A culture whose values and norms oppose mainstream society (ex. living "off the grid"):
Counter-culture
Name 5 different agents of socialization:
Individuals and groups that serve your emotional needs serve an ____________ function; whereas groups that are task or goal oriented serve a _________ function.
Expressive function; instrumental function
This theory states that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control:
Social Disorganization Theory
List the 5 steps of the simplified scientific method, in order:
2) Ask a Question
3) Form a hypothesis
4) Test with an experiment
5) Report your conclusion
Experiencing a new culture for the first time (ex. visiting an Amish market and village) can lead to a feeling of disorientation or anxiety. This is called a:
Culture Shock
As having more than one status, many of your roles might contradict. For example, how are you going to have enough time to babysit, go to practice, and do your homework? This contradiction is called:
Role Conflict
Name 3 different key characteristics of a bureaucracy:
Hierarchy of authority
clear division of labor
explicit rules
impersonality
meritocracy (hiring and promotion based on skill)
iron rule of oligarchy (rule by a few elites)
List 2 pros and 2 cons of media globalization:
Pros: economic shift, recruit workers overseas, increase in innovation
Cons: very few control media outlets, propaganda or agendas, cultural and societal assumptions/bias, censoring of information, criminal use of media