Age of Enlightenment & Industrial Rev
Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the author of the Declaration of Independence and was heavily influenced by which Enlightenment philosopher/thinker?
John Locke
What was a primary reason for the rapid migration from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Revolution (Urbanization)?
Demand for labor in urban industries
When a single company controls an entire industry is is called a:
monopoly
What was the primary aim of the Congress of Vienna?
To reshape Europe and restore balance of power following Napoleon's downfall.
What was the impact of Napoleon's 1808 invasion of Spain?
It weakened Spanish control over its colonies across the globe
In 1777, the Americans victory at Battle of Saratoga led to what major change?
Persuaded France to join the Americans against its old rival, Great Britain
Workers who smashed machines in protest against job loss due to new technologies were called:
luddites
Supporters of industrialists like John D. Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie saw them as “____________________”, who brought jobs and prosperity.
captains of industry
What did the members of the Congress of Vienna aim to maintain?
A stable, monarch-led order in Europe.
In the early 1800s, what inspired educated Creoles like Simón Bolívar to seek independence from Spain?
The ideas and successes of the American and French revolutions.
In the chaos following the French Revolution, politicians turned to whom to stabilize France?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What is the main principle of Laissez-Faire Economics as advocated by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations"?
Minimal government interference in the economy
Critics of industrialists like John D. Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie saw them as “_____________________”, who used aggressive tactics to destroy competition.
robberbarons
What did nationalism emphasize during the 19th century?
A strong pride in a shared culture, language, and heritage.
What title did William I of Prussia receive after the unification of Germany?
Kaiser (Emperor) of the Second Reich
How did production change during the Industrial Revolution?
Complex machines replaced hand tools, and energy sources shifted from human and animal power to steam and later electricity.
Published in 1848 by Marx & Engels, this work argued that history is defined by conflicts between the “haves” (bourgeoisie) and the “have-nots” (proletariat).
Communist Manifesto
Why did some women support the temperance movement?
Alcohol use was seen as a threat to family life and productivity
For centuries, powerful European empires like Austria, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire ruled over what?
Many different nationalities.
What role did Kaiser William II’s actions play in the lead-up to World War I?
His nationalism and militarization policies contributed to rising tensions.
How did the Industrial Revolution differ from political revolutions?
It was a slow, uneven process.
Rapid technological advances required significant investments. Business owners were able to obtain this investment by selling what?
stock (shares) of their company
What was Charles Darwin's main argument in his theory of natural selection?
Traits best suited to the environment survive and are passed onto future generations.
Soon, how would liberalism, nationalism, and socialism begin to grow in Europe?
Through political means, not revolutionary ones.
Who led the movement to end the slave trade in Britain in 1807?
William Wilberforce