Mitosis
Name the phases
PPMAT
What type of cells use meiosis?
Gametic cells
What is the final electron acceptor
oxygen
where does light dependent and dark reactions occur?
thylakoid membrane/stroma respectively
What is G0?
the phase where a cell no longer is in the cell cycle, stops reproducing.
In which phase is there a cell cycle checkpoint and what does it check for?
M phase, to check if the kinetochores have connected properly
What is the difference between a sister chromatid and a homologous chromosome
sister chromatids share the same alleles where as homologous chromosomes code for the same genes.
describe chemiosmosis
electronegative molecules pulling electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC)
what is consumed in photosynthesis and what is produced
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + O2
name the phases of interphase and the mitotic phase
G1,S,G2,Mitosis,Cytokinesis
What is a kinetochore and what does it bind to.
It is the binding site on the microtubules. It binds to a chromosome's centromere
How does the amount of chromosomes and the amount of DNA differ from a cell before and after meiosis?
1/2 amount of chromosomes, 1/4 amount of DNA
What are the four stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
What is the final electron acceptor
NADP+
In S phase, what is an Okazaki fragment and what connects them together
strands of DNA on the lagging strand. Ligase binds them together
What happens if a cell is not split correctly/wrong amount of chromosomes per side.
What are the three factors of genetic variation? when do they occur
Independent assortment (Metaphase I), crossing over (prophase I), Random fertilization (after Meiosis)
What is the importance of the Krebs cycle in the context of Cellular Respiration
Produces the activation ATP and e- needed for oxidative phosphorylation
In the Seed experiment, why does the seeds with water gain mass?
Carbon is fixated in photosynthesis, therefore gaining mass
What is the difference between DNA polymerase I and III
DNA polymerase III attaches DNA nucleotides to template strands, DNA polymerase I exchanges RNA nucleotides for DNA nucleotides.
What happens in each phase
Prophase - DNA condenses
Prometa - Nuclear envelope is no longer intact and kinetochores begin to connect
Meta - Chromosomes line up in metaphase plate
Anaphase - chromosomes go to each side
Telophase - nuclear envelope begins to form on each new cell and preps for cytokinesis.
What would occur is spliceosomes were inhibited, give a real world example.
non disjunction due to lack of centromere degradation. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
What would occur if Rubisco regeneration was inhibited
Fermentation
Name the internal proteins in the ETC and order them from photosystem II to ATP synthase
Pq, cytochrome, Pr, Fd in that order
What is the purpose of CDKs and how do they become active
Checkpoint Go signal, must bind with Cyclin to become protein kinases and therefore be active.