YCJA PURPOSE & PHILOSOPHY
What is the main age group covered by the Youth Criminal Justice Act?
Youth aged 12–17
Which system is more focused on punishment: youth or adult?
Adult justice system
Which document protects the rights of youth in Canada?
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
What is an extrajudicial measure?
An alternative to court for minor youth offences.
What does federalism mean?
Power is shared between national and regional governments.
What is one reason the YCJA exists instead of using the adult justice system for youth?
Youth are still developing and can change their behaviour.
What happens to most youth offenders’ identities in court?
They are protected from being published.
Name one right a youth has when arrested.
Right to a lawyer, right to remain silent, right to have a parent present, and right to know why detained.
Give one example of an extrajudicial sanction.
Warning, apology, community service, counselling.
Name one responsibility of the federal government.
Defence, criminal law, foreign affairs, or currency.
What does “rehabilitation” mean in the youth justice system?
Helping youth learn from mistakes and reintegrate into society.
Give one reason custody is used less often for youth.
It can interfere with education and rehabilitation.
What responsibility comes with the right to freedom?
Respecting the rights and safety of others.
Why are extrajudicial measures often used for first-time offenders?
They reduce court involvement and support learning.
How does a person become a member of the Senate?
They must be appointed by the Governor General by recommendation from the Prime Minister.
Why is accountability still important under the YCJA?
Youth must understand consequences and take responsibility for harm caused.
How does sentencing differ between youth and adults?
Youth sentences are shorter and focus on rehabilitation.
Why must rights be balanced with responsibilities?
So personal freedom does not harm others or society.
What is one factor a judge considers when sentencing a youth?
Seriousness of offence or potential for rehabilitation.
Explain one reason why Judicial Independence is important.
- Judges base decisions solely on the law.
- Judges are not influenced by outside sources.
- Canadians have faith that the system protects everyone, not just a select population.
Explain how the YCJA reflects society’s belief in second chances.
It prioritizes learning, support, and reintegration over punishment.
Why might treating youth exactly like adults increase future crime?
It can reduce opportunities for growth and positive change.
Explain how rights can be limited in order to protect public safety.
Laws may restrict behaviour that puts others at risk.
Why is custody considered a last resort for youth?
Rehabilitation is usually more effective than incarceration.
What is an MP and who are they accountable to?