General
A division of doubt consists of ordinary doubt and this.
What is extra-ordinary doubt?
Wittgenstein calls the refutation of the possibility of a language comprehensible only to the speaker, this.
What is the "Private Language Argument" (PLA)?
"The true is the expedient."
Who is James?
In epistemology, "JTB" stands for this.
What is "Justified True Belief"?
While James offered a theory of truth, Wittgenstein offers this.
What is a theory of meaning?
We need "a positive reason for doubt."
Who is Peirce?
All ideas about abstractions are formed by what is experienced or observed around us. Our ideas depend on evidence from the senses.
What is Empiricism?
Wittgenstein says we arrive at our linguistic representation of mental states like pain, happiness, sorrow, etc. via a community of this.
What is a community of language-users?
"I do not believe that any proof of the existence of external things is possible…[Yet] I can know things which I cannot prove."
Who is Moore?
The mind is capable of knowing some truths about reality prior to any experience.
What is Rationalism?
Wittgenstein’s beetle in a box example analogous to this.
What is his pain example?
"[D]o men find any truth in sight or hearing…we do not see or hear anything accurately, and surely if those two physical senses are not clear or precise, our other senses can hardly be accurate, as they are all inferior to these."
Who is Plato? (Phaedo St. 65b)
The idea that a belief’s ultimate source of justification consists not in one or a set of basic axioms, but a system, a system of interconnected beliefs or potential beliefs.
What is Coherence Theory?
Wittgenstein says: "a great deal of stage-setting in the language is presupposed if the mere act of naming is to make sense." This "stage-setting" is a reference to this?
What is: Descartes never questioning the meaning of his words?
"There is no logical impossibility in the hypothesis that the world sprang into being five minutes ago, exactly as it then was."
Who is Russell?