Consciousness
The body's natural sleep and wake cycle over 24 hour periods.
What is the Circadian Rhythm?
The cycle of sleep in which dreaming occurs.
What is REM or REM cycle?
Any drug or chemical that affects and / or alters the conscious state. Can be legal or illegal.
What are psychoactive substances?
A stimulus that may or may not be noticed and does not cause any particular reaction.
What is a Neutral Stimulus (NS)?
The training stage; teaching the subject to respond to the stimulus.
What is acquisition?
Creator of the puzzle box, said that motivation drives behaviors.
Who is Thorndike?
Stimulus that is presented immediately following the target behavior, typically of high value to the participant.
What is a positive reinforcer?
It is the most common reason for either lack of sleep, or greatly reduced amounts of sleep.
What is Insomnia?
This stage of sleep only lasts a few minutes, you may still be aware of your surroundings or things going on in the background.
What is stage 1?
Changes perceptions, emotions, self-awareness.
What are hallucinogens?
A new stimulus, but it causes a reflex.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus to stop the conditioned response. Done when we no longer want the conditioned response.
What is extinction?
Was in favor of rewards to get desired behaviors, said this would work across environments.
Who was Skinner?
A stimulus that is removed from the environment following the target behavior.
What is a negative reinforcer?
A sleeping disorder in which a person can fall into a stage four level or REM level of sleep from a state of consciousness.
What is Narcolepsy?
In this stage of sleep, you may still react to one specific thing in the environment, but it is unlikely you hear everything.
Stage 2
What are stimulants?
A stimulus that causes a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Responses to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is generalization?
This says that you will get participants to give less desirable tasks if you let them do desirable tasks as well.
What is the Premack Principle?
A stimulus that fills a biological need.
What is a primary reinforcer?
This condition occurs when the individual either sits up in bed, or leaves the bed and "travels" while still asleep.
What is sleepwalking?
The delta sleep, or the slow wave sleep, it is deeper than the previous stage.
They stop pain, but are highly addictive.
What are opiates?
The response that is given by the subject when presented with the conditioned stimulus.
What is the conditioned response (CR)?
Response to the specific stimulus only, not all stimuli that resemble that stimulus.
What is discrimination?
The process of building one skill at a time, and rewarding each successful step, until the target behavior is reached or achieved.
What is shaping?
The administration of an adverse stimulus to stop a specific behavior.
What is positive punishment?
These two items are needed for consciousness.
What are awareness and wakefulness?
The slightest bit of difference is found between these two stages of sleep.
What are stage 3 and stage 4?
They slow the functioning of the CNS.
What are depressants?
Another term for classical conditioning.
What is Pavlovian Conditioning?
The development of a strong dislike or aversion to a flavor, typically associated with an illness.
What is taste aversion?
A stimulus that increases the frequency of responses known as target or desired behaviors.
What is a reinforcer?
Taking away a rewarding stimulus to stop an unwanted behavior.
What is negative punishment?