Miscellaneous
Name a CONSTANT in the agar cube experiment.
The solution we used to soak the cubes.
Room temperature (temp of the reaction)
The waxy coating of a leaf is made of this type of organic macromolecule
lipid
This stage of interphase is when the cell grows the most in size
G1
This is the name of the location in a chloroplast where the light-independent reactions happen.
The stroma
This molecule carries the correct amino acid to a growing protein.
tRNA or transfer RNA
Name the INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variables in the agar cube experiment we did in lab.
INDEPEDENT: size of the cube
DEPENDENT: how far the solution penetrated the agar in millimeters
These 2 polysaccharides are found in plants. One of them can be digested by humans and the other cannot. What are they?
Starch (found in plant parts that we eat)
Cellulose (Found in plant cell walls- makes up paper)
a corn kernel that we eat has both, the outside is not edible and the inside is sugary and sweet
A mature red blood cell is missing this organelle, and that contributes to its concave shape and short lifespan.
nucleus
WHat are the 2 energy carriers (not ATP), generated during glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle?
NADH and FADH2
This result of this point mutation causes a STOP codon to be prematurely inserted into the mRNA sequence, resulting in a shorter than normal protein.
a nonsense mutation
WHat is a control? How is a POSITIVE control different from a NEGATIVE control?
a sample used to compare other samples to
positive: a sample with results you expect (based on a published result or personal experience)
negative: a sample you expect NOT to show the result.
THis is the part of the DNA nucleotide that codes for protein.
THe Nitrogen base (A,T,C, or G)
These are 3 primary purposes of mitosis
1. Growth of an organism (need more cells)
2. Healing from injury
3. Maintenance and homeostasis (replacing old cells)
Chemosynthesis
organisms that live near the black smokers in the bottom of the ocean
DNA is wound tightly into chromosomes during prophase of mitosis.
What are chromosomes made of? Be specific.
Chromatin: DNA wound around histone proteins
The primary function of this organic compound includes: transport of substances in the cell, immunity, structure for the cell, and speed up reactions, and more!
What is the organic compound?
What is the monomer of this compound?
PRoteins
Made of amino acids
A cell that makes a LOT of proteins would probably have a lot of this organelle.
THe Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Name ALL the products of the light INDEPENDENT reactions of photosynthesis (there are at least 3)
NADP+
ADP+P
and Glucose
Most mutations happen during this phase of the cell cycle
S phase when DNA is copied (DNA replication)
Name the stage of embryonic development that defines an adult stem cell. THEN, name the 3 germ layers that develop during that stage. What germ layer would skin belong to?
1. gastrula
2. endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
3. ectoderm
What are 5 characteristics of enzymes
1. they are catalysts that speed up reactions
2. they are recycled and NOT USED up in reactions
3. They are temperature and pH sensitive
4. they are SPECIFIC for their substrates
5. they lower the energy of activation