Life
What are the 4 types of macromolecules that are in living things
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acid
What 4 factors determine population size?
Birth, death, immigration, emigration
A Simpson's diversity index close to 1 means there is what (low/high) diversity?
Which 2 taxonomic classifications are given in binomial nomenclature?
genus and species
Put the following plants in the order they evolved in:
gymnsperm, moss, angiosperm, fern, liverwort
Liverwort, moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm
Which of the following events came first in the origin of life?
oxygen in the atmosphere, oxygen in oceans, unicellular life, multicellular life
Unicellular life
Is parasitism density dependent or density independent?
Density dependent
Define keystone species in 1 sentence
Something saying that it is a species that keeps the biodiversity high and keeps other organisms from overpopulating.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are simple and unicellular, Eukaryotes are more complex and are multicellular.
What type of nonadaptive selection does the following describe?
"Occurs when there are major environmental changes that alter natural selection so that most members of a species die before reproducing"
Bottleneck effect
What is the function of lipids in the cell?
Energy, cell membrane, communication
Which type of growth (exponential or logistic) best models the idea of carrying capacity?
Logistic growth
Draw a food chain containing the following organisms:
humans, grass, cows
Grass - Cows - Humans
What kingdoms of life are exclusively heterotrophs?
Animalia, Fungi
Which type of evidence for evolution is the "best" or the most effective at determining evolutionary relationships?
Nucleic acid similarities (genetics, DNA comparison, amino acid comparison)
Which macromolecule contains the following atoms: CHONS, and what indicator solution do you use to test its presence?
protein, Biuret
What 2 factors determine species density?
Species richness and relative abundance
Describe the 10% rule in 1 sentence
In a food pyramid, organisms only get 10% of the energy available from the previous trophic level.
What are the 3 steps to endosymbiotic theory?
1.) plasma membrane folds in
2.) engulf bacteria to make mitochondria
3.) engulf plastids to make chloroplasts
Which type of speciation does the following describe?
"Formation of two distinct species within the same geographic location"
Sympatric speciation
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
Order, energy, response, regulation, reproduction, growth, evolution
Summarize the greenhouse effect in 1 sentence.
Something along the lines of: Infrared radiation reflects off the earths surface back into the atmosphere, but greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere can reflect the radiation back to the Earths surface making the surface temperature rise.
What type of symbiotic relationship do plants and the mycorrhizae fungi have?
Mutualism
Construct a cladogram for the following info:
Species A: has traits 1 & 2
Species B: has traits 1, 2, &3
Species C: has trait 1
C -- 2 ---> A--3--->B
What is the most significant difference between adaptive and nonadaptive evolution?
Adaptive = natural selection
Nonadaptive = random selection