Foundations of Personal Health
Food habits, exercising, sleeping, drug use, and stress are all examples of?
Modifiable Factors
What are the 5 food groups in MyPlate?
Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy.
What are the two types of physical fitness?
Health-related fitness and skill-related fitness
What is tolerance?
Needing more of a drug to get the same effect.
What is emotional eating?
Eating in response to negative emotions, not hunger.
What are the six dimensions of health?
Physical, Emotional, Intellectual, Spiritual, Social, and Environmental
What are carbohydrates and why are they important?
Organic compounds that are the body’s main energy source.
What is physical fitness?
Developed capacity that enables people to perform routine tasks with vigor and reduces risk for inactivity-related chronic diseases.
What are psychotherapeutic drugs used for?
Treat mental and emotional disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, psychosis).
What are stressors?
Events or situations that disrupt balance; can be positive or negative.
The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health
What are energy nutrients and which 3 fall into this category?
Nutrients that provide calories. They are carbohydrates, fats, protein.
What is anaerobic metabolism compared to aerobic?
Anaerobic: Produces energy without oxygen; short-lived (~30 seconds). Example: sprinting 100 meters.
Aerobic: Produces energy with oxygen; sustained for hours. Example: long-distance running or cycling.
What is the difference between an effective dose and a lethal dose?
Effective dose = amount needed for desired effect.
Lethal dose = amount capable of causing death.
Describe acute stress, episodic stress and chronic stress.
Acute: Short and intense stress. Example: avoiding a car accident
Episodic: Regular but intermittent stress. Example: final exams or projects.
Chronic: Long-term, ongoing stress. Example: constant pain from a health condition.
The chance that a person has of acquiring a specific negative health effect based on the extent to which a certain variable is present.
Relative risk
What does BMI stand for, and what does it measure?
Body Mass Index : Ratio of weight to height
What are the 3 components of health-related physical fitness?
Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and body composition
Physical dependence vs psychological dependence
Physical: When the body requires a drug to function normally; withdrawal occurs without it.
Psychological: Emotional attachment to a drug; leads to cravings, anxiety, irritability.
Internal locus of control vs external locus of control
Internal: Belief that outcomes depend on one’s own actions.
External: Belief that outcomes depend on outside forces/events.
Ability to obtain, process, and understand
basic health information and services needed to make
appropriate health decisions.
Health literacy
Nutrient vs nutrition
A substance in food that supports normal growth, maintenance, and repair. The science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease.
What are the 4 principles of exercise training?
Overload – repeated exposure to exercise loads causes adaptation.
Reversibility – fitness declines when training stops.
Specificity – benefits are specific to type/intensity of training.
Individual differences – each person responds differently to exercise.
What are the 6 main types of drug administration?
Oral, Parenteral (injection), Inhalation, Rectal, Transdermal (skin patch), Vaping
How does chronic stress affect health?
Damages nervous, endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems.
Causes or worsens conditions like heart disease, obesity, depression.