Build that State!
Of the three primary political units (state, regime, government), this one is the least likely to change.
State
A set of 10 economic policy recommendations for developing countries promoted by Washington-based institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Promoted free-market reform.
The Washington Consensus
A research problem where the researcher cannot discern whether X causes Y, or Y causes X.
Endogeneity / reverse causality
Dahl's ideal form of government in which power is invested in multiple people. There is high contestation and high inclusion.
Polyarchy
The most fragile type of authoritarian regime.
Personalistic dictatorship
What a state attempts to do.
State scope.
This theory argues that the development of wealthy countries has disadvantaged less developed countries. Core countries attained success by preying upon peripheral countries. To achieve development, the periphery must break away from the core and develop internally
Dependency Theory
A condition that guarantees an event will occur, but it might not be the only way for the event to happen
A sufficient condition (compare to a necessary condition)
A regime featuring a coexistence of meaningful democratic institutions and serious incumbent abuse, yielding electoral competition that is real but unfair.
Competitive authoritarianism (a type of hybrid regime)
The problem a dictator faces in maintaining their rule while satisfying the elites with whom they must share power.
The problem of authoritarian power sharing (compare to the problem of authoritarian control)
This theory argues that war-making and state-making are interdependent. Wars are seen as a great stimulus to centralizing state power and building institutional capacity
The Bellicist model of state building (Tilly, "War made the state and the state made war")
A state that manipulates and guides economic policy to achieve economic development (usually in a short period of time)
Developmental State
This relationship can only be proved with an experiment
Causation or a causal relationship (compare to correlation)
The process by which a new democracy matures, in a way that it becomes unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock, and is regarded as "the only game in town" within a country
Democratic consolidation (compare to democratic transition)
This allows authoritarians to improve governance through consultation with citizens while developing a supervision structure to better control these citizens.
Consultatative authoritarianism
This author argues that African states will likely not consolidate without interstate war.
Herbst
An economic policy stemming from dependency theory. To develop, the periphery must break away from the core and industrialize internally.
Import-Substituting Industrialization (ISI) (compare to EOI)
This method states that if a phenomenon occurs in one situation but not in another, and the only difference between the two is the presence or absence of a single factor, then that factor is the cause.
Mill's Method of Difference
A wave of states that transitioned towards democracy in the mid 1970s. This wave was different from others because of these states were NOT Protestant, were NOT economically developed, WERE plagued by social and ethnic divisions, and had weak leadership
Third Wave of Democracy
A conflict faced by autocrats wherein their repression of popular preferences helps keep them in power but simultaneously prevents them from knowing their true level of support
Dictator's Dilemma
An area in an otherwise strong state where the state fails to meet the needs of its citizens
Brown area
A religious practice of self-denial, self-discipline, and abstinence from worldly desires to achieve spiritual goals. Weber argues that this element of Protestantism is the foundation of the Protestant work ethic, making Protestantism highly compatible with capitalism
Ascetic work
A "nonsense correlation" between two variables that appears causal but is actually due to something else or coincidence, creating a misleading connection.
Spuriousness
A mode of democratic transition where moderate members of a weakened authoritarian regime negotiate the conditions of a transition with moderate leaders of a pro-democracy movement. These transitions tend to occur relatively rapidly and result in power-sharing arrangements that preserve elements of the old authoritarian regime
Pacted transition
The act of misrepresenting one's true opinion, usually from fear of a negative repercussion.
Preference falsification.