European Groups
The Byzantines preferred this flavor of Christianity.
What is Eastern Orthodox?
Duke of Saxony, elected to be king of East Francia, and was the first of the Saxon dynasty of German kings.
Who was Henry the Fowler?
Founded Danelaw, attacked eastern England, Frisia, the Rhineland, and western Frankish lands.
Who were the Danes?
This Caliphate's capital was located in Medina.
What was the Rashidun Caliphate?
first empress of Rome, patronized monasteries, and restored icon use.
Who was Irene?
Wrote two very historically significant books and shaped the doctrine of the Christian church.
Who was Augustine of Hippo?
Mayor of the Palace, halted the Umayyad invasion of Europe, and grandfather of Charlemagne
Who was Charles Martel?
Imperial advisor who became Roman emperor
Who was Justinian?
Worked as mercenaries for Rome frequently. Long after Rome fell, they converted to Christianity under their leader, Clovis, who began his own dynasty.
Who were the Franks?
The English and Frankish kingdoms preferred this flavor of Christianity.
What is Roman Catholicism?
Count of Orleans and Paris, elected to be the first non-Carolingian king of West Francia in 987.
Who was Hugh Capet?
Christian Vikings who settled in northwestern France, across the channel from England, and served as protectors against additional Norseman attacks.
Who were the Normans?
This caliphate's capital was located in Damascus, and preferred Sunni Islam.
What was the Umayyad Caliphate?
destroyed the Bulgarian Empire, and Christianized Kievan Rus.
Who was Basil II?
Seen as the “ideal bishop” and popularized church music. He also helped convert Augustine.
Who was Ambrose of Milan?
The father and predecessor of Charlemagne, anointed by a representative of the pope.
Who was Pepin the Short?
Actress who married an emperor and influenced his reign
Who was Theodora?
Swept in from Central Asia under their leader, Attila. They invaded both halves of the Roman Empire, but failed to enter Rome and Constantinople.
Who were the Huns?
This group, consisting of Eastern Slavs, preferred Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
What were the Kievan Rus (or Ukrainians or Belarussians)?
The first non-Carolingian king of East Franconia, elected by German dukes.
Who was Conrad of Franconia?
Founded (short-lived) settlements in Greenland and Canada
Who were the Icelandic Vikings?
This caliphate's capital was located in Cordoba, and preferred Sunni Islam.
What was Al-Andalus?
lost the Battle of Yarmuk to the Arabs.
Translated the Bible directly from the Hebrew Tanakh into Latin, making it more accurate and accessible.
Who was Jerome?
Charlemagne’s son and successor, a weak ruler.
Who was Louis the Pious?
Military general who conquered two entire kingdoms
Who was Belisarius?
Sacked Rome for the second time in a century when their leader, Gaiseric, was rejected from marrying Roman nobility. They established their own kingdom until they were conquered by the Byzantines.
Who were the Vandals?
This group invaded from Central Asia, but settled in Eastern Europe and converted to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Who were the Magyars?
Defeated the Great Heathen Army and established peace with the Danes by granting them Danelaw.
Who was Alfred the Great?
Dominated the Baltic Sea, moved into Slavic areas like Russia, made contact with the Byzantines and Arabs
Who were the Swedish Vikings?
This caliphate's capital was located in Baghdad, and preferred Sunni Islam.
What was the Abbasid Caliphate?
outlawed the use of icons.
Who was Leo III?
Served as pope and sent missionaries to convert the pagan peoples of the British Isles.
Who was Gregory the Great?
Ruled the “middle kingdom” (modern Netherlands, Rhineland, and northern Italy)
Who was Lothar?
Historian who wrote about wars, scandals, and the plague
Procopius
Sacked Rome for the first time in centuries under their leader Alaric. They migrated west and established Christian kingdoms that were eventually conquered by the Arabs.
Who were the Visigoths?
This group consists of Serbs and Croats and is located in the Balkans.
What are the southern Slavs?
Intervened in Italian politics and for his efforts was crowned emperor of the Romans by the pope in 962, a title that had fallen into disuse with the disintegration of Charlemagne’s empire.
Who was Otto the Great?
Moved into Ireland and western England
Who were the Norwegian Vikings?
This caliphate's capital was located in Cairo, and preferred Shi'a Islam.
What was the Fatimid Caliphate?
Sparked a church schism, the last emperor before the Macedonian Dynasty
Who was Michael III?
NOT a Church Father, but this influential missionary was sent by a Church Father to convert the Anglo-Saxons, establishing a See at Canterbury.
Who was Augustine of Canterbury?
Ruled the western Frankish lands (modern France)
Who was Charles the Bald?
This event shook Constantinople to its core and required Justinian to rebuild the city after a great destruction.
What were the Nika Riots?
Established their kingdom under their leader, Theodoric, and continued to closely observe Roman customs until they were conquered by the Byzantines.
Who were the Ostrogoths?