Chapter 1
Scientific Research
Scientific Research
This way of knowing states that data plays a central role ("show me, don't tell me")
What is the scientific approach?
What is common sense?
This principle in The Belmont Report states that participants are to be treated as autonomous; they are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research.
What is the principle of respect for persons?
As the rate of leaves falling increases, so to does the number of coats bought. The relationship between these two variables is a _____ linear relationship.
What is a positive linear relationship?
This type of reliability is the assessment of reliability using responses at only one point in time.
What is internal consistency reliability?
This behavioral goal of science is to describe phenomena (i.e., the percent of teenagers reporting daily use of TikTok)
What is description?
This type of research article summarizes research across many studies.
What is a literature review?
This principle in The Belmont Report states there must be fairness in receiving the benefits of research as well as bearing the burdens of accepting risks.
What is the principle of Justice?
A study measures aggression as the number of shocks delivered to another person. In other words, this is the ___________ for the variable aggression.
What is operational definition?
A researcher compares the scores on a new measurement of anxiety with scores obtained from the validated State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on the same day.
What is concurrent validity?
This term states an order of events in which the cause precedes the effect
What is temporal precendence?
This part of an empirical research article explains the problem under investigation and the specific hypotheses being tested
What is the introduction?
A study that uses deception is required to provide THIS at the end of a study
What is a debrief?
A study that has a tightly controlled testing environment and clear temporal precedence will have more of this type of validity.
What is internal validity?
What is discriminant validity?
Basic or Applied: Observing brain activity during different sleep stages to map neural functions
What is Basic Research?
This part of an empirical research article proposes alternate explanations for the results, discusses reasons a particular hypothesis may or may not have been supported, and/or makes suggestions for future research
What is the discussion?
A researcher that fabricates their data to try to replicate a previous study might be accused of this
What is fraud?
The correlational method is not an ideal method for determining cause and effect. There could be something else responsible for the observed relationship. What is this 'something else' referring to?
What is a third-variable or extraneous variable?
A household thermometer measures temperature on this type of scale.
What is an interval scale?
Basic or Applied: Schools implement and measure specific social-emotional curricula to reduce students harassment
What is Applied Research?
This part of an empirical journal article describes in detail the exact procedures used in the study
What is the methods section?
Research using publicly available secondary data would be granted which review from the IRB? (exempt, expedited, limited, or full)
What is an exempt review?
Name this type of hypothesis: "Participants who regularly engage in strenuous exercise will report greater levels of energy compared to those who regularly engage in moderate exercise."
What is a directional hypothesis?
A person's income is an example of this scale of measurement
What is a ratio scale?