1
Joanne will not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. However, crime in Joanne's city has actually gone down in the past few years. To which bias is Joanne falling victim?
the availability heuristic
Most developmental psychologists believe that there are at least some definite periods or "stages" in development that are essential. These periods are called:
Critical periods
According to our text book, _____ comes before ______
1. personality; temperament
2.character; personality
3. temperament; personality
4. temperament; character
temperament; personality
When a researcher provides a detailed explanation of the study, after the study is completed this is called
Debriefing
Albert Bandura is one of the leading proponents of a _____ perspective on personality.
social-cognitive
Children speak their first words at approximately _____ months of age.
12 months
People seek and remember evidence that supports their existing hypotheses; they ignore or discount contradictory evidence. In other words, people are prone to the:
confirmation bias.
Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment, and learn from experience.
intelligence
The notion that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces and conflicts is at the core of the _____ approach to personality
psychoanalytic
Mental representations of categories of objects, situations, or ideas that share common features are called
concepts
People's decision-making can be influenced by the wording of a question or the context of a problem.
The framing effect
Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to the patterns of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional change occurring throughout life
Developement
Cross-sectional research designs can be negatively impacted by the______
Cohort effect
The overall group a researcher wishes to examine is called the:
population
Trial and error is MOST useful as a problem solving tactic when: the stakes are high or low?
when the stakes are low
Reciprocal determinism is a term coined by______to denote the complex interaction among the individual, behavior, and the environment.
Albert Bandura
In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.
prefrontal cortex; limbic system
According to the textbook, projective personality tests such as the Rorschach and the TAT are neither reliable or valid true or false.
true
People with an _____ locus of control believe that outcomes are determined by outside forces such as fate or luck. By contrast, people with an _____ locus of control believe that outcomes are determined by their own actions or efforts.
external; internal
Emotional intelligence is positively associated with both academic and occupational success. true or false?
true
According the Sigmund Freud's 3 aspects of personality, morality is to _____ as pleasure is to _____.
superego; id
Thinking-feeling and sensing-judging are examples of ______ personality inventory
dimensions on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
In Jung's theory, archetypes are contained in the:
collective unconscious
The distinct patterns of emotional reactions and behaviors seen at a young age make up a person's: personality or temperament?
temperament.
Low response rates may call a sample's representativeness into question. This is MOST often a problem in _____ research.
survey