Easy
What is the weathering process of Hydrolysis?
Over time silicate minerals, like in granites, will break down into clay and dissolved components.
A glass like texture indicates what about how the rock cooled?
Very fast cooling rate.
A rock that forms from the crystallization of magma or lava is what type of rock?
**Bonus: Name a rock of this type.
Igneous Rock
Some characteristics of sedimentary rocks like, mudcracks, color and grain size are used to determine what?
Ancient environment of deposition.
Limestone is which type of sedimentary rock?
**Where does limestone form and what is it made from?
Biochemical
The largest eruptions that impact us on a global scale are caused by which type of volcano?
Strato-volcanoes
The following are all indicators preceding what?
What type of sedimentary rock would you expect to find in a high energy environment?
**Bonus: Where is the world would you find this environment?
Breccias or conglomerates.
What does cross bedding mean?
**Bonus: Draw a picture of cross bedding and label any force involved.
When water or wind move sand along the surface to form ripples and/or sand dunes.
Describe the decompression melting process in your own words.
As hot mantle rises the decrease in pressure allows it to melt and form magma.
How are inorganic sedimentary rocks formed?
They are formed from the precipitation of minerals from water or evaporation of water.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
When a part of the eruption column collapses very hot gases and pyroclastic material will rapidly travel down steep volcanoes.
What happens to sediment clast as they are transported from a high energy environment towards a flatter setting like a valley with lower energy.
The size of the clast get smaller.
According to Bowen’s Reaction Series for silicate minerals, which type of minerals would solidify first? Which types would melt first?
Mafic- olivine
Felsic- Quartz
Loose sediments like sand and pebbles form which type of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks.
Scoria cones and shield volcanoes are not common in continental settings why?
**Bonus: What type of volcanic features would you expect to see?
Magma compositions are more commonly rich in silica and more viscous in continental settings.
***
Pyroclastic deposits, like tuffs
Strato-volcanoes, lava domes, and calderas to be more common
Intermediate to felsic igneous rock formation
Describe the process of lithification and name a rock this has been through this process.
When sediment become consolidated sedimentary rocks by compaction and cementation.
Melting associated with seduction zones is a result of what?
**Bonus: Draw a picture of this process.
The release of water from the subducting plate into the mantle directly above
Define fractional crystallization.
As magma cools minerals crystallize out causing a change in the remaining magma composition.
In which depositional environment would you expect to find mudstones with freshwater fossils?
Lacustrine
Magma viscosity is controlled by which 2 factors?
Silica content and temperature.
The following are all characteristics of which type of rock?
Igneous
Mafic Igneous rocks have lower amounts of what compared to felsic igneous rocks and higher amounts of what?
lower silica
higher Fe/Mg/Ca
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
**Bonus: Draw a diagram of both types in a natural setting.
Extrusive forms on the surface and intrusive forms below the surface.
What event would explain a sedimentary formation that contained conglomerate "Terrestrial" rock in the lower beds, then transitions to fine grain sand stone and "Marine" mudstone progressively moving up the bedding layers.
Transgression Event