Hypothesis
Variables
Research Methodology 1
Research Methodology 2
Research Methodology 3
100
The type of hypothesis: Adults that use tobacco have an increased amount of attachment loss, compared to adults that do not use tobacco.
What is directional hypothesis.
100
A study examines the difference in gingival inflammation between men and women. This is the independent variable.
What is gender?
100
Think time - this type of study follows a large group of people over time to evaluate the effects of variables on health. After a specific period of time, study participants are analyzed and results are compared between groups.
What is prospective?
100
The difference between in vivo and in vitro.
What is within or outside of a living organism? In vitro - artificial environment, outside of a living organism (petri dish) In vivo - within a living organism (clinical trials, animal studies)
100
One component of a good research design.
What is maximum objectivity/minimal bias/control of errors and confounding variables/guides selection of statistical methods/allows for meaningful interpretation of results?
200
The type of hypothesis: There is no difference in gingival inflammation between adults that floss daily and adults that never floss.
What is null hypothesis?
200
A study examines the difference in gingival inflammation between men and women. This is the dependent variable.
What is gingival inflammation?
200
Think time - this type of study looks back in time for possible causative factors of a certain disease or condition.
What is retrospective?
200
A type of observational study.
What is cross-sectional, case/control, cohort, descriptive?
200
The three types of true experimental designs.
What is Random Crossover Factorial Random split-mouth
300
The results of a study when the p-value is less than 0.05.
What is rejecting the null hypothesis OR stating there is a difference.
300
A study examines the difference in periodontal attachment loss between smokers and non-smokers. This is the dependent variable.
What is periodontal attachment loss?
300
Think time - this type of study gives a snapshot of the population and measures disease and exposure status simultaneously.
What is cross-sectional?
300
In Campbell and Stanley's notation, R stands for this.
What is randomization?
300
A Non-equivalent control group study is an example of this type of experimental design.
What is quasi-experimental design?
400
Name three characteristics of a hypothesis.
What is simple, concise, specific, unbiased, formulated early in design?
400
A study examines the difference in periodontal attachment loss between smokers and non-smokers. This is the independent variable.
What is smoking status?
400
Think time - this type of study refers to ANY type of study that is long-term.
What is longitudinal?
400
In Campbell and Stanley's notation, the O stands for this.
What is observation or measurement?
400
Randomization reduces _________ and increases _______ validity.
What is selection bias and internal?
500
State an example of a non-directional hypothesis.
What is "There is a difference in gingival inflammation when comparing adults on calcium channel blockers to adults on no medications."
500
A study examines the difference in periodontal attachment loss between smokers and non-smokers. This is one example of a possible confounding/extraneous variable.
What is plaque? What is oral hygiene? What is last visit to DDS? Etc...
500
When considering random assignment and control/experimental groups, differentiate between true, quasi-, and pre-experimental studies.
What is... True - random, control and experimental groups Quasi - control and experimental groups, but no random assignment Pre - no random assignment, no control group
500
Use Campbell and Stanley's notation to demonstrate a random crossover design.
What is (R) O X1 O X2 O (R) O X2 O X1 O
500
The main difference between the experimental and control groups in an experimental study.
What is manipulation?
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