Language
What do we call the smallest sounds in language, like "b" or "p"
phonemes or phoneme perception
What part of the eye connects to the brain through the optic nerve?
retina
What is the type of memory that lasts only for a few seconds and acts as a temporary buffer?
Working Memory
In vision, which cells in the retina are sensitive to dim light but not color?
Rods
In language, what is the rule-based system that determines sentence structure?
Syntax
What is the special time when it’s easiest to learn a language?
Critical Period
What do we call the process where the brain combines visual features like color and shape to recognize objects?
Feature Integration
What kind of conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments?
Operant Conditioning
What type of memory stores a vivid, detailed image of a shocking event?
Flashbulb Memory
What cells in the retina are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light?
Cones
What hypothesis suggests that the structure of a language influences its speakers' perception and cognition?
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
In Marr’s stages of visual processing, what is the first stage that detects basic edges and contrasts in an image?
Primal sketch
What phenomenon describes the brain strengthening the connection between two neurons that fire together?
Hebbian Learning
In classical conditioning, what do you call a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?
Conditioned Response
In Marr’s theory of vision, what stage processes depth and surface orientation to create a viewer-centered perspective of objects?
2.5D Sketch
What is the linguistic phenomenon where a simplified contact language evolves into a fully developed native language?
Creole
Which brain area processes motion perception and detects object movement?
middle temporal area (MTG)
What are the two types of associative memory that store facts and personal experiences?
Semantic Memory and Episodic Memory
What theory in language explains that our thoughts are shaped by the structure of our language?
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
What part of the brain helps process spatial and visual information by detecting "where" objects are?
Dorsal Pathway
What cognitive principle assumes that learners are predisposed to select grammars within an innate space of possibilities, avoiding overly complex rules?
Subset Principle
What visual system is responsible for identifying objects, often referred to as the "what" pathway?
Ventral Pathway
What type of amnesia prevents the formation of new memories after brain damage?
Anterograde Amnesia
Which brain area integrates inputs from all sensory systems and plays a key role in memory?
Hippocampus
What area in the visual system primarily handles the initial processing of visual information in the brain?
Primary Visual Cortex