Defining Argument
(Ch. 1)
(Ch. 1)
A claim and its support
What is an argument?
A group of interrelated convictions of truth or statements of perceived reality.
What are belief systems?
A case writing strategy useful for value and fact propositions.
What is a criteria/definition case?
A general statement that justifies using the grounds as a basis for the claim
What is the warrant?
The need to apply a counterargument to stay in contention
What is the Burden of Rejoinder?
Agreement in belief or action granted to a claim based on the arguments presented.
What is adherence?
An informal method for arguing for a change in behavior or policy.
What is a problem-solution case?
A statement that provides the primary source of support for a claim
What is the grounds?
A case that provides sufficient argument to justify adherence if no counterargument occurs
What is a prima facie case?
A decision making group with recognizable goals and norms and sets of rules and resources and patterns of interaction under ongoing tension
What is a sphere?
Lines of argument or places from which arguments can be built.
What are commonplaces?
A method for arguing for a change in policy or behavior that addresses issues like inherency and implementation.
What is a stock issues case?
Any support that provides more specific data for the grounds or warrant
What is backing?
The responsibility to initiate an argument and set out a case sufficient in argumentative strength and breadth to bring the decision makers to doubt their presumptions and be, potentially, willing to adhere to your proposition/claim
What is the Burden of Proof?
A decision made on the basis of the careful application of important criteria.
What is a critical decision?
Empirical knowledge derived from observation or experience over which there is no controversy
What are facts?
A case writing strategy useful when an audience is choosing between multiple options for a decision.
What is a comparative advantage case?
A statement that identifies the limits the arguer puts on the claim
What is a reservation?
The “preoccupation of the ground, which implies that it must stand good till some sufficient reason is adduced against it; in short, that the burden of proof lies on the side [that] would dispute it”
What is Presumption?
The opposition of two competing argumentative claims.
What is an issue?
Reasoning used to justify attitudes, beliefs, values, and policies that subordinate women to men.
What is patriarchal reasoning?
A case that fulfills the burden of proof
What is a prima facie case?
Any statement that indicates the force of the argument
What is a qualifier?
The Latin term for “the current situation” or what is now the case
What is the status quo?