Unit 1
The atomic structure of this state of matter includes particles that are closely packed together and vibrating.
What is a solid?
This consists of only 1 type of particle and has a fixed composition throughout, examples are gold and water (choose between pure substance, homogeneous mixture, and heterogeneous mixture).
What is a pure substance?
An unknown substance is a very good conductor of heat and electricity and can be bent and shaped easily. It is found on the left side of the periodic table.
What is a metal?
The main difference between a physical change and a chemical change.
What is a chemical change results in the formation of a new substance?
1) List the types of contact forces.
2) List the types of non-contact forces.
Contact: Friction, Normal, and Applied Forces.
Non-contact: Gravity and Magnetism.
This state of matter is the most compressible and has particles that are spread out and move freely.
What is a gas?
The main difference between mixtures and pure substances.
What is mixtures can be physically separated and pure substances cannot be physically separated?
An element that is a brittle solid at room temperature and is a poor conductor of electricity. It is found on the right side of the periodic table.
What is a nonmetal?
List the 5 pieces of evidence that a chemical change has happened.
What is 1)unexpected change in color 2)unexpected change in temperature 3)Formation of a gas 4)unexpected odor 5)Formation of a precipitate (solid)
A student throws a ball up into the air with a force of 10N. Gravity exerts a downward force of 7N on the ball. Calculate the net force and determine if it is balanced or unbalanced.
Total net force is 3N and it is unbalanced.
Order the states of matter from most compressible to least compressible.
What is 1)gases 2)liquids 3)solids?
This is what will happen if you place a substance with a density greater than 1 g/mL into a beaker of water.
What is the substance will sink?
A space agency is developing materials for a Mars rover. They need elements that can sometimes act like metals and sometimes like non-metals, depending on the conditions. Based on the periodic table, which group of elements should they consider?
What is a metalloid?
When a state of matter change occurs (e.g. freezing, melting, boiling, etc.) it is this type of change.
What is a physical change?
Describe Newton's 3rd Law.
What is for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction (action-reaction force pair).
If you squeeze a container containing this state of matter, the shape will change but the volume will remain the same.
What is a liquid?
A student is given a sample of liquid that appears uniform throughout. Upon evaporation, the student recovers salt crystals. Is this a mixture or pure substance? If it is a mixture, which type?
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A team of scientists is looking for special elements to use in new technology. They're interested in a group of elements that are not very common but are becoming more important in modern devices.
What are rare earth metals?
A test tube containing sodium carbonate, a colorless liquid, was placed into a freezer and became a solid. After some time, the sodium carbonate was removed from the freezer and brought to room temperature, where it turned into a liquid. A few drops of calcium chloride, another colorless liquid, was added to the sodium carbonate, and a few speckles of a white solid formed in the sodium carbonate. No significant change in temperature was recorded during this experiment. Using the information in the box, which of the following is evidence that a chemical reaction occurred?
What is formation of a precipitate (solid)?
Imagine you're a scientist studying forces at an amusement park. Your job is to explain how Newton's third law works in various rides and attractions. Consider a person sitting in a Ferris wheel car at the top of the ride. Describe the action-reaction pair between the person and the seat, according to Newton's third law.
What is the person pushes down on the seat and the seat pushes back up against the person with equal and opposite reactions.
Order the 3 states of matter from particles with the least kinetic energy to particles with the most kinetic energy.
What is 1)solids 2)liquids 3)gases?
Describe how particles are arranged in a heterogeneous mixture.
Particles of different substances are unevenly distributed and easily distinguishable.
An element is not very lustrous, a semi-conductor, and can break when hammered.
What is a metalloid?
The list below shows what a student records when they observe a burning candle.
Burning Candle
I. The wax is melting
II. Smoke is produced
III. Heat is released
Which of the following observations of the burning candle indicate a chemical change?
What is 1) Smoke is produced and 2)Heat is released?
Which statement best describes the forces involved at the moment of impact when the car crashes into the tree?
A. The car exerts a greater force on the tree than the tree exerts on the car.
B. The car and the tree exert equal and opposite forces on each other.
C. The car exerts a force on the tree, but the tree doesn't exert any force on the car because it's stationary.
D. The tree exerts a force on the car, but the car doesn't exert any force on the tree because it stops moving.
What is B) The car and the tree exert equal and opposite forces on each other?