Criminological Research
This kind of data involves spoken words or observations that do not have a direct numerical interpretation
What is qualitative?
The number of principles the Belmont Report established.
What is 3?
Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
This is the process of specifying what we mean by a term.
What is conceptualization?
These are sampling methods that allow us to know in advance how likely it is that an element of the population will be selected for the sample
What is probability sampling?
This non-experimental design is collected at one point in time
What is cross-sectional?
Examining the effectiveness of a drug court program is an example of this kind of research
What is evaluation?
Disclosing research methods, presenting their findings, publishing the results of research, and acknowledging the source of research funding are ways that researchers establish this
What is honesty and openness?
A measure has this when it yields consistent scores of observations of a given phenomenon on different occasions.
What is reliability?
This is a sample that looks like the population from which it was selected in all aspects that are potentially relevant to the study.
What is a representative sample?
This must be observable between two variables to establish causation
What is empirical association?
Moves from general ideas to specific reality
What is deductive reasoning?
This must be voluntarily obtained from persons who are fully informed about the research and comprehend what they have been told.
What is informed consent?
This is the process of specifying how a term/concept will be measured.
What is operationalization?
In this type of nonprobability sampling, each sample element is selected for a purpose, usually because of the unique position of the sample elements.
What is purposive sampling?
A set of circumstances surrounding an event or situation
What is context?
Studying the relationship between teenage abuse of animals and later perpetration of domestic violence is an example of this kind of research
What is explanatory?
A committee that reviews research proposals to ensure that research is abiding by ethical principles.
What is an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A measure has this if it measures what it is intended to measure.
What is validity?
A list of elements from which a sample is selected
What is a sampling frame?
The process that creates the connection between the variation in an independent variable and the variation in the dependent variable it is hypothesized to cause
What is a causal mechanism?
The direction of the relationship in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases
What is a negative relationship?
This does not apply when research is based on observations in public places and information is available in public records, or a researcher may feel compelled to release information is a health or life-threatening situation arises.
What is the standard of confidentiality?
This level of measurement has numbers that can only specify the order of the cases.
What is ordinal?
Any difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which it was drawn.
What is sampling error?
Data that can be ordered in time
Longitudinal