Ecosystems
The removal of the predator populations from an ecosystem would most likely result in
(1) a decrease in all the prey populations
(2) an increase in all the producer populations
(3) an increase in ecosystem diversity
(4) a decrease in ecosystem diversity
(4) a decrease in ecosystem diversity
An immune response to a usually harmless environmental substance is known a
(1) an antigen
(2) an allergy
(3) a vaccination
(4) a mutation
(1) an antigen
Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides, may reduce fertility in males by interfering with their ability to produce gametes. These toxins are most likely having an effect on the
(1) testes and progesterone
(2) ovaries and testosterone
(3) ovaries and estrogen
(4) testes and testosterone
(4) testes and testosterone
Using a biological explanation, state one reason why a person’s heart rate increases during exercise.
pump blood-oxygen to rest of the body
To study how bacteria respond to antibiotics, four paper discs, three treated with different antibiotics and one treated with water, were placed on a nutrient source with bacteria and left for 24 hours. The water and the antibiotics on the discs diffused into the nutrient source. If the antibiotic stopped the bacteria from growing, a circular area of no bacterial growth around the discs could be seen.
29. After 24 hours, the results represented by the diagram demonstrate
(1) which of these antibiotics most effectively stopped bacterial growth
(2) the nutrient source that resulted in the most bacterial growth
(3) whether the bacteria were resistant to most antibiotics or not
(4) that these bacteria were harmful to antibiotics
(1) which of these antibiotics most effectively stopped bacterial growth
Decomposers are necessary in a food chain because they
(1) manufacture food by photosynthesis
(2) return nutrients to the ecosystem
(3) absorb energy from the Sun
(4) produce organic nutrients
(2) return nutrients to the ecosystem
One primary function of the cell membrane is
(1) regulating the flow of simple sugars into or out of the cell
(2) synthesizing substances by breaking down cell organelles
(3) storing carbohydrates, water, and starches for future use
(4) digesting carbohydrates, fats, and protein
(1) regulating the flow of simple sugars into or out of the cell
The diagram below represents the formation of a cancerous growth. Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram?
(1) A gene mutation caused the cells to become muscle cells.
(2) The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine.
(3) A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division.
(4) The growth resulted from uncontrolled meiotic cell division.
(3) A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division.
What parts of the microscope should the student use to bring the image into focus?
(1) A and F (2) B and E
(3) C and D (4) D and F
(2) B and E
A student designed an experiment to determine if air temperature had an effect on the rate of photosynthesis in corn plants.
32. Which tool is correctly paired with a procedure that could be used during this experiment?
(1) an electronic balance to measure the volume of soil in which each corn plant is grown
(2) a graduated cylinder to measure 30 mL of water for each plant daily
(3) a metric ruler to determine the mass of each plant each week
(4) a Celsius thermometer to determine the pH of the soil
33. The independent variable in this experiment is the
(1) air temperature at which the corn plants were grown
(2) amount of carbon dioxide used by the corn plants
(3) volume of oxygen produced by the corn plants
(4) number of corn plants used
32. (2) a graduated cylinder to measure 30 mL of water for each plant daily
33. (1) air temperature at which the corn plants were grown
Mistletoe is an evergreen shrub that can produce most of its own food.
Often, mistletoe can be found living on trees and taking water and nutrients away from the tissues of the trees. The relationship between mistletoe and trees is an example of
(1) consumer/herbivore
(2) predator/prey
(3) scavenger/decomposer
(4) parasite/host
(4) parasite/host
A common cycle in biology is represented below.
The ATP molecule above is commonly used to
(1) actively transport molecules in an organism
(2) diffuse water across a membrane
(3) move molecules from a high to a low concentration
(4) balance the nutrients in an ecosystem
(1) actively transport molecules in an organism
The diagram below summarizes some of the steps in the development of humans. All the genetic information needed for the organism to develop is first present at
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(3) C - Zygote
51. Which statement best describes solution C?
(1) The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.
(2) The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is less than the concentration in the cells.
(3) The concentration of water in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.
(4) The concentration of water in the solution is equal to the concentration in the cells.
51. (1) concentration of salt higher
42. In the space below, draw a molecule that would most likely be able to interact with this enzyme. [1]
43. Describe one role of enzymes in the human body.
42. Matching shape
43. speed up digestion
Based on this information, which ecosystem is likely to be the most stable?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(3) C - more diversity/ species
Which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single-celled organism?
(1) immune (2) nervous
(3) reproductive (4) circulatory
(4) circulatory
Eye color, hair color, and skin color often vary from person to person and even within a family. One explanation is that
(1) the glucose units in a DNA molecule are often rearranged
(2) the genetic material of the female parent has the most influence on offspring
(3) the inherited traits of individuals are determined by different gene combinations
(4) some extra parts of genetic material are often gained during fertilization
(3) the inherited traits of individuals are determined by different gene combinations
According to the data table, does the student’s pulse rate fall within the normal range? Circle yes or no and support your answer.
yes or no
No - heart rate is 60 bpm
Starch solution was added to the water on side X. One hour later, amber-colored starch indicator solution was added to both sides. Identify the colors that could be observed at X and at Y after the addition of the starch indicator. [1]
Final Color of X: ___________________
Final Color of Y: ___________________
X: Black
Y: Amber
Identify which group of organisms in this food web would contain the greatest amount of stored energy. Support your answer. [1]
Organisms:
Support:
Plants- get energy from sun
If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature. These changes are an example of
(1) a learned behavior
(2) feedback mechanisms
(3) an inherited disorder
(4) genetic mutations
(2) feedback mechanisms
A garlic bulb consists of several smaller sections called cloves.If cloves are separated from the bulb and later planted in a garden, a new garlic bulb will grow from each. In this way, a home gardener could grow a whole crop of genetically identical garlic plants starting with one bulb.
As a result of this procedure, the gardener would
(1) soon have several varieties of garlic growing in his garden
(2) need to buy new garlic cloves each year in order to keep growing garlic
(3) have to fertilize the female garlic plants each year so the garlic plants could produce their own cloves
(4) need to be aware that if any of his garlic plants became diseased, it could very likely infect the entire crop
(4) need to be aware that if any of his garlic plants became diseased, it could very likely infect the entire crop
During a laboratory activity, students ran in place for three minutes. Students then complained of muscle fatigue in their legs. State one biological reason why the students experienced muscle fatigue after exercising.
Excess amount of waste (CO2) in body
Not enough oxygen in muscles
Explain why the genetic material in an offspring produced by sexual reproduction contains genetic material that is not identical to the genetic material of either parent.
DNA from both parents
Recombination
Shuffling of genes