Week 1 Content
What are the two public health philosophies?
"A way of doing justice, a way of asserting the value and priority of human life" OR "the fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left alone"
What are the sources of infectious diseases?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, & fungi
What measure is used to define obesity?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
What are the types of study design? Provide ALL of them.
Randomized control trials, cohort, case-control
What are 3 examples of social determinants of health?
Socioeconomic status, food access, access to healthcare, education (In Sickness and in Wealth video, lecture 2)
What is the primary objective of public health?
PREVENTION
What accounts for 70-80% of healthcare expenditures?
Chronic diseases
What are 2 examples of non modifiable risk factors
genetics, age, gender, etc
What is incidence?
The rate of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time.
What city is Katie from?
Albany, NY
What level of government (state or federal) takes primary responsibility for public health?
State
How does public health break the chain of infection in the U.S.? Provide at least 3 specific examples
Purification of water
Proper disposal of sewage
Milk Pasteurization
Immunizations
Improved Nutrition
Personal Hygiene
Discovery of antibiotics
What are 2 examples of policies to reduce rates of childhood obesity?
Posting calorie counts on menus; MyPlate; change marketing laws; set standards for school food; built environment to encourage movement; etc.
What is the difference between a case control study and a cohort study?
Case control: Compare people with disease to people without disease
Cohort: compare people with exposure to people without exposure
How do you calculate the case fatality rate (what is the equation)?
number of individuals dying during a specified period of time after disease onset or diagnosis/number of individuals with the specific disease X 100%
What is the difference between public health & medical care?
Public Health: Population
Medical Care: Individual
Who is the "father of modern epidemiology" and what disease did he research?
John Snow - cholera
What are 2 goals for comprehensive tobacco control programs
Preventing initiation among youth and young adults, promoting quitting among adults and youth, eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke, identifying and eliminating tobacco-related disparities among population groups
Why are epidemiological studies of chronic disease more complex compared to infectious diseases? Provide 2 reasons
They do not have a single cause, they are disabling rather than rapidly fatal, they develop over a long period of time
What state (besides Oregon) doesn't let you pump your own gas?
When is government policing power invoked? Provide 2 reasons.
To prevent a person from harming others, to defend the interests of "incompetent" persons (children, people with disabilities), to protect a person from harming themself
What are the components of the Ecological Model?
Individual - Interpersonal - Organizational - Community - Public Policy
Name 3 FFLC programs
The Dining Room
Youth Farm
Grassroots Garden
Summer Food Program
Meals on Wheels
Senior Grocery
In a study examining breakthrough cases of “long COVID-19,” 23,753 participants who were fully vaccinated were followed over time to see if they would develop COVID-19 and to monitor the duration of their symptoms. In the study, 6,729 reported they had long COVID symptoms at least once during follow-up despite being fully vaccinated. Among a separate group of 4,603 people who were partially vaccinated, 3,525 developed long COVID-19 symptoms.
Calculate the measure of association; what is your equation
Cohort Study - Relative Risk =(a/(a+b))/(c/(c+d))
(6729/(6729+17024)/(3525/(3525+1078)=0.28/0.77=0.36
Country X has a population of 20,000 people. 40 people have recently been diagnosed with diabetes and 150 people were already living with diabetes. What is the prevalence of diabetes in Country X?
[(40+150)/20,000] * 100 = 95% (must include percent sign)