Intro to Language
Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics
What are the 5 areas of language?
Acquiring the rules of language that govern the sound structure of syllables and words
What is phonological development?
Smallest meaningful units of language
What are morphemes?
The social uses of language
What is pragmatics?
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
The process of sharing information among two or more
persons
What is communication?
Awareness of the individual phonemes of a language
What is phonemic awareness?
The talk directed to children by others
What is child-directed speech?
vocabulary system or “mental dictionary”
What is a mental lexicon?
Wernicke’s area is damaged, significant difficulty with processing and producing coherent language in speech and writing. Such speech is fluent and intelligible but doesn’t make sense due to large number of idioms, revisions, errors, and jargon
What is Wernicke's Aphasia?
The way children learn language and the time frames for milestones are relatively invariant across the globe.
What is Universality?
1. Using cues to segment streams of speech
2. Developing a phonemic inventory
3. Becoming phonologically aware
What are the Three Key Building Blocks in Phonological Development?
Grammatical markers that cannot function independently - suffixes and prefixes
What are bound morphemes?
Knowledge base that represents how words are connected or related to one another
What is a semantic network?
12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain
What are cranial nerves?
How words, sentences, and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content.
What is form?
Infants draw on familiarity with word and syllable stress patterns, or the rhythm of language
What are prosodic cues?
- Increase in utterance length
- Use of different sentence modalities
- Development of complex syntax
What are syntactic achievements?
Temperament, Social and Cultural Contexts, Autism, Social Communication Disorder
What are influences on pragmatic development?
Emphasizes that achievements in one stage must occur before a child can move to the next stage.
What is the cognitive theory?
Sensory system that allows speech to enter into and be processed by the brain
What is hearing?
1. Frequency of occurrence in spoken language
2. Number of words the child uses that contain the phonemes
3. Articulatory complexity
What is timing of phonological development?
The grammatical properties of children’s language use depends on exposure to the properties in child-directed speech.
What is the learning-from-input hypothesis?
Language exposure, gender, language impairment, socioeconomic status
What are influences on semantic development?
Behaviors that are reinforced become strengthened, and behaviors that are punished become suppressed.
What is the behaviorist theory?