Corundum
This is the hardness of ruby on the Moh's scale.
What is 9?
The element responsible for the green colour of an emerald.
What is chromium?
This gem business was pioneered in Japan.
What is the business of culturing saltwater pearls?
Almost all emeralds contain this type of inclusion?
What are mica flakes?
Emeralds are almost always treated in this temporary way.
What is oiled?
These two elements cause the blue colour in sapphire.
What is Titanium and Iron?
A gemmologist can sometimes determine the origin of an emerald by this means.
What is checking the inclusions with a microscope?
This type of pearls are known to come from Tahiti.
What is the finest quality black pearls?
A typical inclusion in aquamarine is called this.
What is "rain" or fine parallel tube inclusions?
What is heated?
The finest quality rubies are said to come from this area.
What is the Mogok area in Myanmar (Burma)?
The finest quality of emeralds are said to come from this country.
What is Columbia?
Complete the saying: "the thicker the nacre, ..."
What is "... the better the lustre."
Emeralds from Columbia sometimes show this type of inclusion.
What is a "three-phase" inclusion consisting of a cavity containing a liquid, air bubble and a crystal?
Corundum, especially ruby, will sometimes have cracks filled with this kind of material?
What is leaded glass?
This orange-pink corundum is named for the lotus blossom.
What is "padparadscha" sapphire?
This cut was primarily developed for emeralds.
What is the step-cut or trap-cut or emerald-cut?
The most valuable type of pearl historically.
What is the natural salt water pearl?
This is a common inclusion in corundum and also the cause of the asterism effect in corundum.
What is "silk" or fine rutile needles?
Aquamarine is often treated with this method to remove green colour.
What is heated?
The finest quality blue sapphires are said to come from this area.
What is Kashmir?
The correct name for a "red emerald".
What is red beryl or bixbite?
High quality South Sea pearls are cultured off the coast of this country.
What is Australia?
You might expect to see gas bubbles, swirl marks, and concave facets in this kind of material.
What is glass?
A "Mong Hsu" ruby is a commercial quality ruby that has been treated in these two ways.
What is heated and treated with boro-silicate glass?