Intro to Sociology
Which sociologist developed the concept of the sociological imagination?
a. W. E. B. Du Bois
b. Karl Marx
c. C. Wright Mills
d. Max Weber
C. Wright Mills
Which of the following is characterized by data that can be converted into numbers?
a. qualitative research
b. empirical research
c. quantitative research
d. inductive research
c. quantitative research
The beliefs, norms, behaviors, and products common to the members of a particular group are referred to as ______.
a. ethnicity
b. culture
c. society
d. class
b. culture
What is the name for the process by which people learn the culture of their society?
a. sociological imagination
b. behaviorism
c. socialization
d. cognitive development
c. socialization
Karl Marx believed that human history should be understood as the product of which concept?
a. social cohesion
b. class conflict
c. anomie
d. revolution
b. class conflict
Which sociological concept seeks to uncover the relationship between personal troubles and public issues?
a. social conflict
b. gender awareness
c. class consciousness
d. sociological imagination
d. sociological imagination
Which of the following is an idea about society, derived from theory, which can be disproved when tested against observation?
a. common wisdom
b. common knowledge
c. a hypothesis
d. a variable
c. a hypothesis
The physical objects important to a culture, such as homes, games, and substances found in the local environment, are referred to as which of the following?
a. real culture
b. nonmaterial culture
c. material culture
d. products
c. material culture
Which theory specifically discusses reward-and-punishment effects on an individual’s behavior?
Ideas that summarize a set of phenomena are known as which of the following?
a. theories
b. concepts
c. hypotheses
d. methods
b. concepts
The ability of individuals and groups to make social changes on a small and large scale is known as ______.
a. structure
b. agency
c. power
d. social control
b. agency
Which of the following is the best example of quantitative research?
a. forty in-depth interviews with residents of a suburban neighborhood
b. field observations of people interacting and dancing in a nightclub
c. content analysis of meme images on a popular blogging website
d. two thousand survey questionnaires that measure respondents’ drug use habits
d. two thousand survey questionnaires that measure respondents’ drug use habits
Common rules of a culture that govern the behavior of people belonging to it are referred to as ______.
a. attitudes
b. beliefs
c. norms
d. values
c. norms
Which of the following perspectives describes how a child sees model behavior and repeats it?
Which is an example of nonmaterial culture?
a. slang words
b. food
c. uniforms
d. decorations
a. slang words
______ is a central part of U.S. culture in which people tend to believe that each person creates his or her life’s path and largely disregards the social context in which this happens.
a. Imagination
b. Individualism
c. Collectivism
d. Racism
b. Individualism
What is an operational definition?
a. It describes a concept in such a way that it can be observed and measured.
b. It is regarded as a flawed definition.
c. It is a definition that includes quantities.
d. It is a definition that involves circular reasoning.
a. It describes a concept in such a way that it can be observed and measured.
Which of the following would be considered an American value?
a. Creativity and innovation are useless—it is better to just follow the crowd.
b. Hard work and effort will get you nowhere in life.
c. Everyone deserves an equal chance to succeed.
d. Laws should be based on religious beliefs.
c. Everyone deserves an equal chance to succeed.
People’s self-image is shaped by their understanding of how others perceive them. What is this concept called?
a. cheating on an exam
b. not offering your bus seat to an elderly person
c. robbing a convenience store
d. shouting and swearing at the professor during class
b. not offering your bus seat to an elderly person
Auguste Comte argued that society goes through three stages: theological, ______, and positivist.
a. patriarchal
b. industrial
c. metaphysical
d. scientific
c. metaphysical
a. have male teenagers rate their level of self-esteem on a scale from 1 to 6
b. survey male teenagers to assess how many have positive self-esteem
c. conduct a few case studies and gain in-depth answers from each male teenager
d. review records from previous studies
c. conduct a few case studies and gain in-depth answers from each male teenager
Which of the following is a violation of a mores?
a. not saying “you’re welcome” when someone says “thank you”
b. coming to class intoxicated
c. arriving to a party two hours late
d. whispering to the student next to you in class
b. coming to class intoxicated
What is the distinction between primary groups and secondary groups?
A child hears from parents and teachers that she is very smart. What would happen to the self-concept of the child based on the theory of the looking-glass self?
a. She becomes overly confident and stops making an effort in school.
b. She becomes more confident and tries harder to meet this view.
c. She becomes less confident because the compliments did not come from her peers.
d. She becomes less confident because children’s subculture does not respect praise from authority figures.
b. She becomes more confident and tries harder to meet this view.