Court Cases/Acts
The first U.S. law that explicitly barred a racial or ethnic working group from entering the country and remained in effect for over fifty years was the:
Chinese Exclusion Act
What issue did the Dred Scott v. Sandford U.S. Supreme Court case revolve around?
Citizenship
Omi and Winant
The concept of race developed gradually and was created to justify and explain inequality and genocide that is characteristic of European colonization.
The ruling in the Susie Phipps case in Louisiana supported the logic of _____?
The rule of Hypodecent.
Which court case was the first to mandate the desegregation of public schools throughout an entire state in the U.S.?
Mendez v. Westminster
Explain Roberto Alvarez v. Lemon Grove
The case involved Mexican-American students who were segregated into a separate school in Lemon Grove, California. The court ruled in favor of Roberto Alvarez, stating that the segregation was illegal and discriminatory. This was one of the first successful school desegregation cases in U.S. history, setting a precedent for future civil rights cases.
What are the two definitions of racism that Beverly Tatum provides in "Defining Racism: 'Can We Talk?'
Prejudice plus power & systemic advantages based on race
The term that describes the process of assigning racial significance to a previously racially unclassified group, relationship, or social practice is:
Racialization
Although Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka declared segregation unconstitutional, what measures facilitated the enforcement of school desegregation? How?
The 1964 Civil Rights Act (because it allowed federal government to cut funding to schools that remained segregated)
Explain Bhagat Singh Thind v. US
Bhagat Singh Thind, an Indian Sikh, applied for U.S. citizenship, arguing that as a high-caste Indian, he was "Caucasian" and thus eligible. The Supreme Court ruled against him, stating that "Caucasian" did not equate to "white" as understood by the common man. This decision reinforced racial barriers to citizenship
Project by The New York Times that aims to reframe the country's history by placing the consequences of slavery and the contributions of black Americans at the very center of the United States' national narrative.
1619 Project
A stereotype that Asians and Asian Americans always succeed academically and professionally due to their culture
Model minority myth
The California Supreme Court case that prohibited Chinese and Chinese Americans from testifying for or against any white person was:
People v. Hall
Legislation that authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Native Americans.
1887 Dawes Act
According to Bonilla-Silva, what is colorblind racism AND what was NOT considered a form of "color blind racism" base on her definition?
1)Color-blind racism, which pretends to ignore racial differences and claims to treat everyone equally, actually perpetuates racial inequalities by masking systemic discrimination and reinforcing existing racial hierarchies.
2)Racialization
The doctrine is when the US Supreme Court gives full power to Congress and the President to determine issues of national sovereignty and security, like immigration laws.
The plenary power doctrine
In which court case is the following argument presented: "Legislation cannot eliminate racial instincts or abolish distinctions based on physical differences.... If one race is socially inferior to another, the Constitution of the United States cannot place them on the same level"?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Describe the case Elk v. Wilkins. What ammendment did they use to maintain their claim
The Supreme Court ruled that Native Americans who voluntarily left their tribes did not automatically gain U.S. citizenship. John Elk, a Native American, was denied the right to vote on the grounds that he was not a citizen despite living among white citizens.
The Court held that the 14th Amendment did not apply to Native Americans who maintained tribal ties.
Contemporary immigration patterns are driven by a combination of global economic disparities and restrictive immigration policies, which creates a persistent cycle of migration and exploitation
Doug Massey (on immigration)
Define individual, organization, and structural discrimination and give an example for each
1) when an individual acts in a discriminatory manner against another person or group based on characteristics like race, gender, or ethnicity. Example: manager refuses to hire someone solely because of their race
2)discrimination embedded in the policies, practices and culture of an organization. Example: company's hiring practices might favor certain groups over others
3)occurs when societal structres and institutions systematically disadvantage certain groups. Example: ousing policies that segregate neighborhoods by race contribure to structual discrimination