Welfare State
What does it mean to live in a welfare state?
Social contracts between people and government. Social safety nets. Everyone benefits, the government is looking out for the well fare of all in society
Describe the difference between the traditional and modern definition of health.
Modern definition includes more than the historical definition of health. Historical focuses on the absence of disease. Modern - Adapt to an ever-changing environment. Health is a resource - draw on your health in order to function effectively, health is seen as a resource, not the objective of living.
What are some challenges of Public Health in the 21st Century?
•Protecting against terrorists
•Global health risks caused by environmental disasters or disease outbreaks
•Racial disparities in health
•Increase of chronic disease in the aging population
•Providing access to primary and preventative care for all citizens
•Changing behaviors and lifestyles to improve health
•Improving safety of food
•Reducing global death/disease from smoking
•Improving quality of the environment
•Reducing the hungry and malnourished children
Define Epidemiology.
Epidemiology is the study of how often disease occurs in different population groups and why.
What are the two categories of dental indices?
Simple and cumulative
Define redistributive politics
Taking money from one place and moving to another (supported by taxation)
Who launched the first universal hospital services plan? What province was this done in?
Tommy Douglas. Saskatchewan.
Define health literacy and health promotion.
Is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate decisions.
Health promotion is about helping people and society change their lifestyles to attain optimal health. Enables people and groups of people to increase control over and to improve their health
1. Human disease does not occur at random
2. Human disease has causal and preventive factors that can be identified through systematic investigation
The DMFT/S is an example of what type of indice?
Cumulative
Define demogrant and provide and example.
universal, flat-rate payments, made to individuals or families based on demographic characteristics such as age rather than on proven need.
eg. old age security, Univeral childcare benefit
What date was the hospital services act passed in?
1957
Learning involves what 3 domains?
•Cognitive
•Psychomotor
•Affective
Define Incidence and Prevalence.
Incidence - Is the number of new cases that will occur within the population during a specified time
Prevalence - Is a term used to indicate what portion of a given population is affected by a condition (old and new cases) at a given point in time
What teeth are not counted in a DMF index? (List 3 minimum)
•Third molars
•Unerupted teeth
•Congenitally missing and supernumerary teeth
•Teeth removed for reasons other than dental caries, i.e. impaction or during ortho treatment
•Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries , i.e. trauma (fracture), cosmetic purposes, or use as a bridge abutment
•Primary tooth retained with the permanent successor erupted. The permanent tooth is evaluated because a primary tooth is never included in this index
•Root caries – has a separate index
The welfare state primarily modifies market forces by the transfer of what?
Money
What was the purpose of the Canada Health Act?
Bonus points for knowing the date it was passed!
Specify the conditions and criteria with which the provincial and territorial health insurance programs must conform in order to receive federal transfer payments.
Reduce federal, provincial and MD power struggles
Give the federal government power to impose fines on provinces that allow user fees and extra billing
1984!
List 5 determinants of health and explain how they can affect health.
•Income and social status
•Social Environment
•Employment and working conditions
•Education
•Physical environments
•Social support networks
•Biology and genetic endowment
•Personal health practices and coping skills
•Healthy child development
•Health services
•Gender
•Culture
Define sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity - is defined as the probability of testing positive if the disease is truly present
Specificity - is defined as the probability or screening negative if the disease is truly absent
What are the 3 types of dental indices?
Oral hygiene indices
Periodontal indices
Dental Caries indices
List 4 major events in history that led to the formation of our current Canadian Welfare state
WWI
Great Depression
Keynesian Economics
WWII
What are the 5 recommendations the Royal commission recommended for a gov't administered healthcare system?
What is the name of the international agreement that was created at a conference in 1986 by the WHO in Ottawa, Canada?
Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion
What is the criteria for an ideal screening test?
• inexpensive
• easy to administer
• minimal discomfort
• and valid (accurate)
What is the purpose of a periodontal screening and recording (PSR)?
to assess the state of periodontal health in a rapid and effective manner and to motivate the patient to seek necessary complete periodontal assessment and treatment