Globalization & Demographics
The definition of globalization?
The development of an increasingly integrated global economy, marked by free trade, capital flow, and cheaper foreign labor markets
What are the four components of the Constitutive Communication Model?
Membership negotiation, self-structuring, activity coordination, and institutional positioning
What are the three aspects of the Machine Metaphor?
Specialization, standardization, and predictability
What is the goal of today’s HR organization?
To create a “knowledge-enabled organization” by encouraging employee participation
What is structuration theory?
The theory that structures (rules and resources) are both the medium and the outcome of human action
The concept of "glocal"?
Glocal refers to the combination of global standardization with local adaptation
Define the concept of "membership negotiation."
The process of constituting the organization by bringing in new members and orienting them
Who developed the Theory of Bureaucracy and what are the three types of authority?
Max Weber; traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority
What are the key components of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization
What are the three characteristics of system components in Systems Theory?
Hierarchical ordering, interdependence, and permeability
Name one challenge organizations face due to globalization.
One challenge is managing cross-cultural communication in a global workforce
What is "institutional positioning" in communication models?
The process of how organizations position themselves in relation to other organizations
What is "scientific management" according to Taylor?
The idea that there is one best way to do a job, based on efficiency and standardization
What’s the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers?
Theory X managers believe workers are lazy and need control, while Theory Y managers believe workers are motivated and can self-direct
What is “activity coordination” in the context of the Four Flows?
The coordination of work practices and processes that uphold organizational functioning
What demographic change is expected by 2050 in the U.S.?
The U.S. is expected to become a majority-minority country
How does communication in classical organizations occur (content, flow, channel, and style)?
Content: task-related; Flow: top-down; Channel: formal (handbooks, memos); Style: formal
What does "scalar chain" refer to in Fayol’s principles?
A strict vertical hierarchy where communication flows up and down the organizational chart
Define "maintenance communication" and "innovation communication."
Maintenance communication is about maintaining relationships, and innovation communication is about improving tasks or creating new processes
What is "equivocality" in Weick's Theory of Organizing?
The unpredictability and ambiguity in organizational environments, which is resolved through sensemaking
What are the three demographic variables that influence organizations?
Age, income, and educational attainment
Name one way globalization affects communication in organizations.
It requires employees to adapt to cross-cultural communication challenges
How did the Hawthorne Studies influence management theory?
They showed that attention to employees and group identity increases productivity.
What do parents and children represent in the Family Metaphor for organizations?
Parents represent management, and children represent workers
Name the components of Deal and Kennedy's "Strong Culture" framework.
Values, heroes, rites/rituals, and the cultural network