Development of Monarchy
This event in 1688 limited the power of the English monarchy and strengthened Parliament.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
This scientist developed the laws of motion and gravity.
Who is Isaac Newton?
He argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This event marked the symbolic start of the French Revolution in 1789.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
Napoleon’s final military defeat occurred at this battle in 1815.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
This French king, known as the "Sun King," ruled as an absolute monarch.
Who is Louis XIV?
This Polish astronomer proposed the heliocentric theory.
Who is Nicholas Copernicus?
This French philosopher advocated for freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
Who is Voltaire?
The Third Estate pledged to write a new constitution in this historic oath.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This legal code established equality before the law but limited individual freedoms.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
This Russian czar modernized Russia and strengthened its autocratic government.
Who is Peter the Great?
This Italian scientist used a telescope to confirm the heliocentric model.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
His book The Social Contract argued for government based on the "general will" of the people.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
The radical phase of the French Revolution was called this.
What is the Reign of Terror?
Napoleon’s invasion of this country in 1812 ended in disaster due to harsh winter conditions.
What is Russia?
The concept that monarchs receive their power directly from God is called this.
What is divine right?
This philosopher promoted the scientific method through observation and reasoning.
Who is Francis Bacon?
He argued for separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny.
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
This king of France was executed during the revolution.
Who is King Louis XVI?
Napoleon strengthened his rule through this vote of public approval.
What is a plebiscite?
This monarch ruled Spain during its golden age but faced major economic and military challenges.
Who is Philip II of Spain?
He famously said, "I think, therefore I am," emphasizing reason and logic.
Who is Rene Descartes?
He promoted laissez-faire economics in The Wealth of Nations.
Who is Adam Smith?
This military leader rose to power during the French Revolution and later declared himself emperor.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
Napoleon's empire collapsed after he was exiled twice, first to this Mediterranean island and later to this remote Atlantic island.
What are Elba and Saint Helena?