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Define Measurement
Process of associating numbers with physical quantities / phenomena
How do you calculate the number of neutrons within an element?
Define Volume -
Measurement of the capacity that an object can hold. The amount of space that an object occupies.
Define Mass -
The amount of matter packed into an objects given volume.
What does the 1st Law of thermodynamics state?
DOUBLE POINTS
Energy can neither be created or destroyed only altered in form.
A rocket ship weighs 300 tons (t) how much does the rocket ship weigh in kilograms (kg)?
300tons×1,000=300,000kilograms
Calculate the total surface area of a cuboid with a length = 15 centimeters
height = 20 centimeters
width = 7 centimeters
DOUBLE POINTS
Surface Area=2×(15×7+15×20+7×20)
Surface Area=2×(105+300+140)
Surface Area=2×545=1090cm2
Calculate the volume of a cube that has
length = 7m
height = 7m
width = 7m
7 x 7 x 7 = 343 cm3
Define Gravity
How is weight related to gravity?
Gravity - Force that pulls on any object that has mass.
Weight - a measurement of the force of gravity that pulls on an objects mass.
What two variables is the weight of an object dependent on?
What does the word atmos mean?
Which ancient Greek Philosopher coined the term atmos and invented the original idea of the atom?
Atmos - indivisible
Democritus - stated that atoms were indivisible small spheres.
Define the terms below:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solid - state of matter with a defined shape and defined volume
Liquid - State of matter with a defined volume but no defined shape.
Gas - state of matter with no defined shape or defined volume.
Calculate the Density of an object that has a mass of 55 grams (g) and a volume of 22 ml?
Density = 2.5 g/ml
Which scientist created the nuclear model and what "new feature" did it include?
Ernest Rutherford
Nuclear model included the first nucleus / center of the atom.
Which scientist discovered the first electrons? What did he originally call them?
Joseph Thompson
Corpuscles
Is a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture easier to separate? Explain your answer -
Heterogeneous mixtures are easier to separate because their components are more distinguishable.
How are mixtures different from compounds?
Compounds are chemically combined and form a new substance.
Mixtures are not chemically combined and do not form a new substance.
What is the element symbol for Lutetium?
Lu
How many electrons does the element Manganese have in its
First shell:
Second shell:
Third shell:
First shell : 2 electrons
Second shell: 8 electrons
Third shell: 15 electrons
What are pure substances?
Why are elements considered to be pure substances?
Pure Substance - single kind of matter that cannot be broken down into any other substances.
Elements are considered to be pure substances because they cannot be broken down into any other substances. (Only consist of one type of atom)
What is the atomic theory of matter and who created it?
What are the four main parts of the atomic theory of matter?
Describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties created by John Dalton.
1. All elements are made of atoms.
2. Atoms from the same element are alike.
3. Two or more elements can bond to form a compound.
4. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed by physical means.
How are physical properties different from chemical properties?
Physical Property - can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter such as appearance while chemical properties are a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substance.
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Zinc have?
30 - Protons and Electrons
35 Neutrons
How many electron shells does radium have?
7
How many electron shells does the element Iridium have in total?
Six shells