Religion
This Chinese philosophical system, associated with Laozi, stresses the importance of living in harmony with the Dao, or "the Way," and emphasizes simplicity, humility, and natural order.
What is Daoism?
This Indian emperor, known for his conversion to Buddhism after the Kalinga War, played a key role in the spread of Buddhism across Asia and established one of the largest empires in Indian history.
Who is Ashoka the Great?
This conflict, which occurred in the 5th century BCE, was fought between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, culminating in key victories such as the Battle of Marathon and the naval Battle of Salamis.
What is the Persian War?
In early Roman society, this group of people, who were the commoners and farmers, made up the majority of the population and were often excluded from political power, though they eventually gained rights through the Conflict of the Orders.
Who are the plebeians?
This crescent-shaped region, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization," stretches from the Persian Gulf through modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and parts of Jordan and Turkey.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
This monotheistic religion, founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, is based on the teachings found in the Qur'an and emphasizes submission to the will of Allah.
What is Islam?
This ancient civilization, located along the Ganges River, was known for its contributions to religion, particularly the spread of Buddhism, and its powerful rulers like Ashoka the Great.
What is the Maurya Empire?
This Greek philosopher, known for his method of questioning and debate, was sentenced to death for corrupting the youth of Athens, but his ideas became the foundation for Western philosophy.
Who is Socrates?
This Roman leader, the first emperor of Rome, established the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and prosperity across the empire that lasted for about 200 years.
Who is Augustus (Octavian)?
This famous law code, created by the Babylonian king Hammurabi, is one of the oldest and most complete written legal codes in history.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
This ancient Chinese philosophy, associated with figures like Han Feizi, emphasizes strict laws, harsh punishments, and centralized control as the key to social order and stability.
What is Legalism?
This Indian empire, which flourished from approximately 320 CE to 550 CE, is often referred to as the "Golden Age of India" due to its advancements in science, mathematics, and the arts.
What is the Gupta Empire?
This ancient Greek city-state is considered the birthplace of democracy, where citizens could participate in decision-making in the Assembly, beginning in the 5th century BCE.
What is Athens?
This series of conflicts between Rome and its rival, Carthage, in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, ultimately resulted in Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean.
What are the Punic Wars?
This ancient Chinese dynasty, known for its advances in metallurgy, was the first to leave behind written records and ruled from approximately 1600 BCE to 1046 BCE.
What is the Shang Dynasty?
This monotheistic religion, one of the oldest in the world, is based on the covenant between God and the Hebrew people, as outlined in texts like the Torah and the Talmud.
What is Judaism?
This ancient Chinese belief holds that rulers are granted the right to govern by the gods, but this right can be revoked if the ruler is unjust or loses the favor of the heavens.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
This conflict, fought between Athens and Sparta in the 5th century BCE, was a pivotal war in Greek history, leading to the eventual decline of the power of the city-states.
What is the Peloponnesian War?
This legal code, developed under the rule of Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, became the foundation for many modern legal systems in Europe.
What is the Justinian Code?
This early form of writing, used by the Sumerians, involved wedge-shaped marks made on clay tablets and is one of the earliest systems of writing in human history.
What is cuneiform?
This religion, which originated in India, advocates for nonviolence (ahimsa), respect for all living things, and the belief that the soul can attain liberation through right conduct and meditation.
What is Jainism?
This Chinese dynasty, lasting from 206 BCE to 220 CE, is known for consolidating the foundation of the Chinese empire, developing the Silk Road, and promoting Confucianism as the state ideology.
What is the Han Dynasty?
This ancient Greek general and statesman led Athens during its Golden Age, promoting democracy and the arts, and was pivotal in the defense of Greece during the Persian Wars.
Who is Pericles?
This Roman general and statesman played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire, notably crossing the Rubicon in 49 BCE and becoming dictator.
Who is Julius Caesar?
This ancient civilization, which flourished around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in the region of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, is known for its well-planned cities and advanced drainage systems.
What is the Indus Valley Civilization?