Cell Organelles & Functions
This organelle is known as the “Powerhouse” of the Cell.
Mitochondrion (Plural: Mitochondria)
This is the second phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
Metaphase
Position when you are laying on your back
Supine
This is the location where both active transport and passive transport occurs.
Cell membrane
There are ______ numbers of organ systems inside the human body.
eleven
This organelle is know as the “brain” of the cell.
Nucleus
Initial phase of mitosis when genetic information gets duplicated and chromosomes are assembled using centromeres.
Prophase
This directional term refers to at or toward the front of the body.
Anterior
This transport requires energy in the form of ATP to function.
Active Transport
This instrument has keys
Piano
This organelle is known as the cell’s “suicidal sac.”
Lysosome
This is the phase during mitosis when sister chromatids get pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase
This is another word for “superior”
Cranial
This passive transport mechanism moves things in and out of the cell membrane and does not require energy.
Diffusion
These five organelles work together to synthesize proteins, package, and transport them to their proper location inside and outside the cell.
(Must list organelles in order)
Nucleolus, Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER), Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body), Vesicles
The phase after Telophase when the cell completely breaks apart into 2 daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
The heart is _______ to the shoulder.
Medial
This passive transport mechanism moves things in and out of the cell membrane and does not require energy, but requires proteins.
Facilitated Diffusion
List 12 main organelles of an animal cells with their corresponding functions.
1. Nucleus: Stores genetic information (DNA) and controls cell activities
2. Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
3. Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport system of tunnel-like interconnected membranes that manufactures proteins and lipids composed of the rER and sER
5. "rough" ER: Contains ribosomes for protein production
6. "smooth" ER: Involved in lipid synthesis
7. Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within the cell
8. Lysosomes: Breaks down waste materials and cellular debris
9. Plasma membrane: Acts as a barrier, separating the cell from its environment and regulating what enters and exits
10. Vacuole (plant cells primarily): Stores water, nutrients, and waste products
11. Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support and helps with cell movement, consisting of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
12. Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, responsible for ribosome assembly
13. Centrioles: Involved in cell division by forming the spindle fibers
14. Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs used for transport within the cell
15. Peroxisomes: Breaks down certain toxic substances in the cell
16. Cytoplasm: Provides structure and shape to the cell, protects the nucleus, provides a platform for organelles to operate within the cell, and serves as the medium for chemical reactions
State the name and explain what happens in each phase of the Cell Cycle.
1) G1 phase: The cell grows and takes in nutrients
2) S phase: The cell's DNA is replicated
3) G2 phase: The cell grows again and prepares for mitosis
4) M phase: The cell divides into two new cells through a process called mitosis and cytokinesis
The radius (forearm bone) is ________ to the humerus (upper arm bone).
Distal
Standardized reference posture used in anatomy and medicine to describe the location and orientation of body structures
Anatomical position
The _______ system fights infections in your body.
lymphatic