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Which of the following is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
A. Producing hormones
B. Regulating body temperature
C. Transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
D. Breaking down food
Answer: C. Transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?
A. Protection from pathogens
B. Temperature regulation
C. Absorption of nutrients from food
D. Sensory reception
Answer: C. Absorption of nutrients from food
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
A. Producing red blood cells
B. Generating movement
C. Storing calcium
D. Filtering toxins
Answer: B. Generating movement
A. Providing structural support
B. Producing red blood cells
C. Detoxifying chemicals from the bloodstream
D. Protecting internal organs
Answer: C. Detoxifying chemicals from the bloodstream
Which of the following is not one of the four primary tissue types in the human body?
A. Epithelial
B. Muscular
C. Connective
D. Nervous
E. Skeletal
Answer: E. Skeletal
What chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
Answer: B. Right atrium
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
A. Dermis
B. Hypodermis
C. Epidermis
D. Subcutaneous layer
Answer: C. Epidermis
Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?
A. Cardiac muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Visceral muscle
Answer: C. Skeletal muscle
What type of connective tissue connects bone to bone?
A. Tendon
B. Ligament
C. Cartilage
D. Fascia
Answer: B. Ligament
Which process allows substances to move across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without energy?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Passive diffusion
Answer: D. Passive diffusion
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Capillaries
C. Arteries
D. Venules
Answer: C. Arteries
Which protein in the skin helps protect against UV radiation?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Collagen
C. Keratin
D. Melanin
Answer: D. Melanin
What is the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?
A. Ligament
B. Cartilage
C. Fascia
D. Tendon
Answer: D. Tendon
What is the name of the long shaft of a long bone?
A. Epiphysis
B. Diaphysis
C. Metaphysis
D. Periosteum
Answer: B. Diaphysis
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the cell’s main energy source?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
A. Pulmonary valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Answer: D. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Which of the following structures is responsible for producing sweat?
A. Sebaceous gland
B. Arrector pili muscle
C. Sudoriferous gland
D. Meissner’s corpuscle
Answer: C. Sudoriferous gland
Which ion is essential for muscle contraction by binding to troponin?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Calcium
Where does hematopoiesis primarily occur in adults?
A. Compact bone
B. Yellow bone marrow
C. Periosteum
D. Red bone marrow
Answer: D. Red bone marrow
Which of the following best describes endocytosis?
A. The movement of molecules out of the cell via vesicles
B. The engulfing of large particles or fluids into the cell by forming vesicles
C. Passive movement of water across a membrane
D. Diffusion of small nonpolar molecules through the membrane
Answer: B. The engulfing of large particles or fluids into the cell by forming vesicles
Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?
A. A condition where the heart muscle becomes inflamed due to viral infection
B. A narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup
C. A congenital defect causing holes in the heart chambers
D. A sudden stoppage of the heart due to electrical dysfunction
Answer: B. A narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup
Which of the following best describes basal cell carcinoma?
A. A noncancerous mole caused by increased melanin production
B. A rapidly spreading cancer arising from melanocytes
C. The most common form of skin cancer, originating in the basal layer of the epidermis
D. An allergic reaction to sun exposure
Answer: C. The most common form of skin cancer, originating in the basal layer of the epidermis
Which of the following best describes muscular dystrophy?
A. A viral condition that causes temporary muscle inflammation
B. A degenerative genetic disorder leading to progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass
C. A condition caused by excessive calcium in the muscle cells
D. An autoimmune attack on the joints that secondarily affects muscles
Answer: B. A degenerative genetic disorder leading to progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass
Which of the following best describes osteoporosis?
A. A bone infection caused by bacteria
B. A type of cancer originating in bone marrow
C. A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fragility
D. A disorder where bones grow abnormally large and dense
Answer: C. A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fragility
Which tissue type primarily functions in rapid communication through electrical signals, and what organelle is abundant in these cells to support high energy demands?
A. Connective tissue; lysosomes
B. Nervous tissue; mitochondria
C. Muscular tissue; Golgi apparatus
D. Epithelial tissue; endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B. Nervous tissue; mitochondria