Excellent Ethics
Researchers must obtain this signed agreement from participants before collecting any data.
What is informed consent?
This response format asks participants to rate their agreement or feelings on a numbered scale.
What is a Likert scale?
This scale categorizes data without assigning any numerical or ranked value.
What is a nominal scale?
These studies manipulate variables in real-world settings while maintaining experimental control.
What are field experiments?
This method of acquiring knowledge relies on both rational thought and empirical data to explain phenomena.
What is science?
This element of research involves withholding full information from participants before they take part.
What is deception?
This metric compares the number of usable survey responses to the total number distributed.
What is a response rate?
This error occurs when a researcher concludes there is an effect, but none actually exists.
What is type 1 error (false positive)
In this research design, the investigator joins the group being studied to observe behavior firsthand
What is a participant observation study?
This type of research uses scientific findings to solve practical, real-world problems.
What is applied research?
No human subjects research can proceed without approval from this ethics-focused committee.
What is an institutional review board?
This flawed survey item asks two things at once, making it hard for participants to respond accurately.
What is a double-barrel question?
This assumption states that any observed effect is due to chance until evidence suggests otherwise.
What is the null hypothesis?
This method involves documenting observed behaviors through written notes, audio recordings, or video footage.
What are narrative records?
This cyclical process involves forming hypotheses, testing them, and sharing results to build knowledge.
What is the scientific method?
Instead of misleading participants, this method invites them to imagine and describe their reactions.
What is roleplay?
These survey items begin broadly and then narrow in on specific details of the same topic.
What are funnel questions?
This equation reflects a statistically significant outcome when the alpha level is set at .05.
What is p < .05?
Researchers use this technique to record behavior at unpredictable intervals across an observation window.
What is random time sampling?
This way of knowing relies on information passed down from trusted figures like parents and teachers.
What is authority?
This principle of the Belmont report weighs the good a study might do against its potential harm.
What is beneficence?
Compared to mail or phone surveys, this method gets more responses—but social desirability can skew results.
What are personal interviews?
This analysis identifies patterns of association between variables without implying causation.
What is a correlation?
This phenomenon occurs when people alter their behavior simply because they know they’re being watched.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
This scientific approach starts with a theory and tests specific predictions derived from it.
What is a deductive approach?