Urinary & Fluid
Digestive
Nutrition
Male & Female Reproduction
Human Development
100
Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
100
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
100
What process breaks down glucose into pyruvate?
Glycolysis
100
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
100
True of False: the SRY gene initiates female sex determination by triggering the development of ovaries.
False:
SRY gene initiates male sex determination by triggering the development of testes through production of testes-determining factor (TDF).
200
Which ion is the primary cation in extracellular fluid and important for nerve impulses?
Sodium (Na⁺)
200
Which region of the digestive tract absorbs most water from indigestible material?
Large intestine (colon)
200
What process converts glycogen into glucose?
Glycogenolysis
200
Where are sperm stored and matured?
Epididymis
200
What are the three primary germ layers called?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
300
True or False: Aldosterone stimulates reabsorption of potassium and secretion of sodium.
False
stimulates reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
300
What is the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion uses enzymes and acids to break food down into smaller molecules
300
Which lipoprotein is considered “good cholesterol”?
HDL
300
Which structure is shed during menstruation?
Endometrium
300
What is the name of the hollow ball of cells formed after the morula?
Blastocyst
400
Which hormone increases water reabsorption by making the collecting duct more permeable?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
400
Which digestive hormone stimulates hunger?
Ghrelin
400
What molecule is produced at the end of anaerobic fermentation in humans?
Lactate
400
Which structure transports sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra?
Vas deferens
400
Which fetal shunt bypasses the liver?
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Umbilical artery
Ductus venosus
500
Which part of the nephron is mainly responsible for reabsorbing the majority of water, glucose, and nutrients?
Proximal convoluted tubule
500
List the pathway of digestive in order (include all segments):
Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach → Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum → Cecum → Ascending colon → Transverse colon → Descending colon → Sigmoid colon → Rectum → Anus
500
How many ATP molecules are produced from the electron transport chain?
32
500
List the 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle:
Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Premenstrual phase
500
Describe the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II.
Meiosis I is where homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two haploid cells with duplicated (double-stranded) chromosomes. Crossing-over also occurs in this stage, increasing genetic variation.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, where sister chromatids separate, producing four haploid cells with single-stranded chromosomes.