Motor Control
Motor Control is defined as …?
What is...How our neuromotor system activates and coordinates muscles and limbs involved in motor skill performance. OR
What is...Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement.
The 3 stages in Fitts & Posner’s model of motor learning are?
What are:
Cognitive stage, associative stage, and autonomous
Which Brodmann’s area of the cortex is primarily responsible for movement execution?
What is...M1
The primary role of the thalamus is to...?
A relay center for ascending info to the cortex
The cerebellum is organized into 3 functional regions which are:
What are the:
Cerebrocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
Feedback is required in a ______-loop system.
What is a closed-loop system.
The OPTIMAL theory posits that increased _________ -focus supports long-term motor learning.
What is external focus of attention
The __________ area hosts mirror neurons.
What is Premotor area
The thalamic nuclei are divided into 3 functional categories. Name these categories.
What are
Relay
Association
Non-specific
What is the Purkinje cell
________ theory works off the premise that our nervous system is an input-output type of system.
What is...Reflex Theory
________ states that the amount and rate of learning is dependent on the relationship between the response and the reinforcement stimulus.
Who is Thorndike with his cats.
A lesion to which area results in lack of speech comprehension?
Wernicke's area/ temporal lobe
The _________ & __________ tracts of the RF are important for CPGs, and specifically controlling extensor musculature.
What are the pontine and medullary tracts.
The ___________ motor loop of the BG is known as the Go! pathway and decreases excitation of the thalamus to facilitate movement.
what is the direct loop?
The interaction between the _____, the ______, and the _____ contribute to motor skill performance or movement.
What is...the task, the environment, and the person
A basketball example of __________ practice is to only shoot free throws for an entire practice session. The next session you would only practice dribbling.
What is...Blocked practice
This area is responsible for spatial awareness.
Damage to the brainstem above the red nucleus preserves the _________ tract and results in _________ posture.
What is the
Rubrospinal tract
Decorticate posturing
Climbing fibers of the cerebellum are associated with ____________ spikes that fire when there is a ______________________.
What are
complex spikes
movement error
________ theory proposes that the body moves in precise attractor states, and that variability is necessary to optimize function
Dynamic Pattern Theory
_______ feedback is supplemental information provided to the learner regarding task performance.
What is external or extrinsic augmented feedback?
In __________ apraxia an individual cannot use a tool (toothbrush, scissors), but is able to imitate gestures?
What is Ideational apraxia
The interthalamic adhesion at the massa intermedia of the thalami pierces the ________ ventricle.
What is the
3rd ventricle.
The fastest of the 3 motor loops in the BG is the _____________ pathway, and its primary function is to ____________ the thalamus, resulting in ______ excitation to the cortex.
What is...
Hyperdirect
Inhibit the thalamus
Less excitation of the cortex/ supresses movement