Structures of the Brain
Brain Imaging and TBI
Nuerons
Nervous system
Sensation and Perception
100
As you move upward through the brain, the systems get more ______(basic or complex)
Complex
100
What are the structural brain scans?
MRI, CAT
100
Do chemical neurotransmitters send signals between or within neurons?
Between neurons
100
What are the two types of nervous systems?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
100
What are the functions of rods and cones
Located in retina(Photoreceptors)
Rods: low-light, black and white, movement
Cones: bright light, color(red,green,blue)
200
Medulla
- Controls autonomic nervous system
200
What are the functional brain scans, and what do they measure?
fMRI-blood flow and oxygen
PET-radioactive tracer to track brain activity
200
Where do electrical neurotransmitters send signals and how?
Action potential sends electrical signals within nuerons
200
What are the structures of the PNS and CNS
CNS- Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS-The rest of the body is made up of axons
200
What type of signals do the 5 senses receive
Taste: Chemical
Touch: Pressure/Physical Force
Sound: Vibrations
Sight: Light
Smell: Chemical
300
Thalumus
Sensory relay for the brain
- Router to other parts of the brain for processing
300
Does this person have a TBI?
No
300
Excitatory vs Inhibitory signals
Excitatory- increases the likelihood of neurons firing, causes depolarization
Inhibitory- decreases likelihood of neurons firing, causes repolarization
300
What are the divisions and functions of the PNS?
Autonomic-Controls involuntary functions(Respiration, Digestion, Heart Rate)
Somatic-Controls Voluntary functions (5 senses and skeletal muscles)
300
What parts of the body have the most sensory receptors?
Lips, fingertips, bottoms of feet
400
Amygdala
- Fight/Flight
- Emotional experience
- Attaches emotions to memories
- Smell
400
What is necrosis?
Uncontrolled death of cells and living tissue caused by external factors(lack of oxygen, infection, head trauma)
400
What are the steps of the action potential?
Resting(slightly -)-> threshold->depolarization(+)->Depolarization(-)->Hyperpolarization->Resting
400
Where are the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions and what do they do?
In the autonomous division of the PNS
Sympathetic- Fight or Flight, stress response
Parasympathetic- Resting state
400
Name 5 structures of the ear and their functions
Pinna: bring sound in(vibrations of air molecules)
Eardrum(Tympanic membrane): ossicle vibration
Ossicles(Hammer, Mallet, Stirup): brings sound to inner ear
Semi-circular canals: balance
Vestibular canal: brings signal to the brain
Cochlea: Sensory that makes up nueron signals(hairs)
500
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis(Body temp, blood preasure, 02, ect)
500
What is apoptosis?
a regulated, programmed form of cell death to eliminate unnecessary or damaged cells
500
What are 5 parts of a neuron and their function?
- Dendrites- Receive signals from other cells
- Soma-Core of the neuron
- Nucleus- Holds DNA
- Myelin Sheath- Speeds up action potential and protects the axon
-Axon- Carry action potential
- Synapse-Send signals to other neurons
500
Efferent vs Affrent Fibers
Efferent-motor signals from CNS to muscles out of the brain
Afferent-sensory signals, rising to the CNS
500
Name 5 structures of the eye and their function
Cornea: transparent eye covering
Pupil: where light passes through
Iris: The muscles that control pupil size, the colored part of the eye
Lens: Focus’s light
Retina: the light-sensing part of the eye
Fovea: Focuses images
Optic Nerve: Convergence of axons that connects eyes to the brain