SDLC
What does SDLC stand for?
Software Development Life Cycle
Which framework in Agile organizes work into time-boxed iterations called sprints?
Scrum
What does OOP stand for?
Object-Oriented Programming
What does CRUD stand for in programming and databases?
Create, Read, Update, Delete
Which SDLC phase focuses on determining what the software should do and how it should perform?
Requirements Engineering
Name two of the four values from the Agile Manifesto:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan.
Which OOP principle involves hiding internal details and only showing necessary functionality?
Encapsulation
What command stages all modified files in Git for commit?
git add
What’s the main difference between functional and non-functional requirements?
Functional defines what the system should do; non-functional describes how well it performs
In Agile, who is responsible for managing the product backlog and defining the vision of the product?
The Product Owner
What’s the difference between inheritance and composition?
Inheritance reuses parent class features; composition builds functionality by combining objects (preferred for flexibility).
What’s the difference between verification and validation in testing?
Verification checks if the product is built right; validation checks if it’s the right product.
In software design, what is the term for dividing a system into smaller, independent parts that can be developed and tested separately?
Modularity
What principle warns against adding features “just in case” they’re needed later?
YAGNI – “You Ain’t Gonna Need It.”
Which OOP principle allows objects of different classes to be treated as instances of the same interface?
Polymorphism
What is the purpose of a foreign key in a database?
To create a relationship between tables by referencing another table’s primary key.
What does the WRSPM model represent in requirements engineering?
World, Requirements, Specification, Program, Machine – defining boundaries between system and environment
What is technical debt and why is it a concern in software projects?
The future cost of reworking code caused by taking shortcuts or poor design choices.
What is the “Single Responsibility Principle”?
Each class or module should have only one purpose or reason to change.
In which testing phase do developers check how combined modules work together?
Integration Testing