The First Two Years - Cognitive Development
The realization that objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard is called _____.
object permanence
_____ is a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.
secure attachment
An estimated ____ percent of children are allergic to a specific food.
6-8%
_____ is the cognitive ability to organize and prioritize the many thoughts that arise from the various parts of the brain.
Executive function
_____ is the ability to control when and how emotions are expressed.
Emotion regulation
A sudden increase in an infant’s vocabulary, especially in the number of nouns is called a _____.
naming explosion
_____ is an infant’s distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9 and 14 months.
Separation anxiety
What are the top 3 common food allergies among children?
Milk, eggs, peanuts
The principle that the amount of a substance remains the same even when its appearance changes is called _____.
conservation
A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that comes from inside a person is called _____.
intrinsic motivation
The first two-word sentences appear at about _____ months.
21
Temperament is _____ based.
biologically
_____ refers to the specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominant for each activity.
Lateralization
____ is the ability to control responses, to stop and think for a moment before acting or talking.
Inhibition
_____ is the impulse that propels someone to act.
Motivation
During stages one and two, the infant senses motion, sucking, noise, and other stimuli and tries to understand them. These are _____ reactions.
primary circular
_____ is seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions.
social referencing
Poor _____ signifies a personality disorder in adulthood but not in early childhood.
impulse control
_____ is a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child focuses on one idea, excluding all others.
Centration
The largest historical change is that active play time has been reduced because of ______.
screen time
Chomsky’s term for a hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language is called _____.
language acquisition device
_____ are caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching.
An effort by child-welfare authorities to find a long-term living situation that will provide stability and support for a maltreated child is called _____.
permanency planning
_____ is a person’s theory of what other people might be thinking.
Theory of mind
Play in which children act out various roles and themes in plots or roles that they create is called _____ play.
sociodramatic