Chapter 1: Psychological Foundations
Psychology was accepted as an academic discipline during which period?
1800s
A psychologist wants to study one individual who experienced an extreme and unique psychological circumstance. Which research method would be most appropriate?
Case Study
_____is a chemical messenger that allows neurons to communicate?
Neurotransmitter
Which substance is most likely to cause altered sensory and perceptual experiences?
Hallucinogens
________ is what happens when information is detected by a sensory receptor, like when Maggie’s optic nerves pick up a light flashing in the distance.
Sensation
Who established the first psychology laboratory?
William Wundt
A researcher wants to observe people behaving naturally without making them aware that their behavior is being studied. Which method would be most appropriate?
Naturalistic Observation
Which structure of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?
Dendrites
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
REM
Pain that results from damage to neurons of the peripheral or central nervous system is called ________.
neuropathic pain
Which psychological perspective focuses on understanding conscious experience through introspection?
Structuralism
A researcher follows the same group of college students for four years to examine how their attitudes toward their academic abilities change. This is an example of:
Longitudinal research
Which brain structure is primarily associated with learning and memory, particularly spatial memory?
Hippocampus
_____Disorder is characterized by pauses in breathing that last at least ten seconds during sleep.
Sleep Apnea
Joanna is competing on Jeopardy!. She doesn't have to think about the distance between her finger and the buzzer and knows just how hard to press because of ________.
proprioception
_____ is using perspective-taking, non-judgement, recognizing emotions in others, and communicating that to others
Empathy
In a research study, both the researchers and participants are unaware of group assignments. This is known as____
Which division of the nervous system is associated with rest and restore functions?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sleep spindles appear in ________ of sleep.
Stage 2
Which sense relies on the organs of the inner ear to help maintain balance and body posture?
the vestibular sense
Ivan Pavlov is best known for his work involving:
Classical Conditioning
Which type of reasoning begins with a general premise and uses it to predict a specific result?
Deductive Reasoning
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle action and memory
Acetylcholine
What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?
Afterimage
When Martha first visits her Aunt and Uncle’s house, the smell of fish is overwhelming, but after an hour, she doesn’t even notice it’s there. What explains this?
sensory adaptation