Logical Fallacies
A fallacy in which the author infers that because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second event.
What is a post hoc?
Loaded words/language, short stories that play to emotion, and imagery that appeals to senses are all examples of which persuasive appeal?
What is pathos?
The examples below are all demonstrating which rhetorical device?
What is parallelism?
__________ is a broad term, which includes many tactics designed to move people to a position, a belief, or a course of action
__________ is a specific kind of persuasion based on the principles of logic and reasoning
What is persuasion and argument?
"Every teenager is self-absorbed and rude" is an example of what fallacy?
What is hasty generalization?
A fallacy in which the author predicts events, usually with a catastrophic conclusion.
What is a slippery slope?
The following is an example of a which appeal?
If my age doesn't convince you that I know what I'm talking about, my many years of college education should convince you.
What is ethos?
Which device allows the author to convey a particular tone or attitude through choice of words?
What is diction?
A _________
answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”
brings focus to the entire essay
lets the reader know the main idea of the paper
is not a factual statement or an announcement of purpose, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper
What is a thesis statement?
The following is an example of a __________ fallacy: Progressives’ strategies aren't effective because they are all snowflakes.
What is an ad hominem fallacy?
A conclusion based in insufficient or biased evidence: rushing to a conclusion without having all the facts.
What is hasty generalization fallacy?
Which of the following are true of ethos (ethical appeals)?
a. Make the audience believe the author is reasonable
b. Demonstrates the author’s knowledge, credibility or expertise
c. Focuses more on the author, not the topic
d. All of the above
What is "d. all of the above"?
Which syntactic device shows that parts of a sentence are of equal importance?
What is parallelism?
_______ reasoning uses a set of specific observations to reach an overarching conclusion. A few particular premises create a pattern which gives way to a broad idea that is likely true.
What is inductive reasoning?
The following is an example of ________ fallacy: If you were a true American you would support the rights of people to water their lawns as much as they like.
What is ad populum?
A fallacy in which the author attacks the person make the opposing argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is an ad hominem fallacy?
The following excerpt of poetry is an example of which appeal?
The free bird thinks of another breeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn
and he names the sky his own
But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
What is pathos?
What's the effect of alliteration of the "de" sound in this excerpt from Sweat's "Whiskey Speech"?
If when you say whiskey you mean the devil's brew, the poison scourge, the bloody monster, that defiles innocence, dethrones reason, destroys the home, creates misery and poverty, yea, literally takes the bread from the mouths of little children; if you mean the evil drink that topples the Christian man and woman from the pinnacle of righteous, gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation, and despair, and shame and helplessness, and hopelessness, then certainly I am against it.
What is "creates tension and stirs feelings"?
________ tone uses language that does not express a biased view towards the subject. Using a(n) ________ tone allows us to support our thesis using only evidence, facts, and ideas as they are.
What is objective tone?
The following is an example of _________ fallacy: If we put limits on the right to bear arms, soon all of our Constitutionally-given rights will be taken away.
What is slippery slope fallacy?
This move oversimplifies an opponent’s viewpoint and then attacks the weak argument. The author will misrepresent someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is straw man fallacy?
When authors appeal to logic, are they most likely using an objective or subjective tone?
What is an objective tone?
What is the definition for allusion?
What is "an author's reference to another literary work, historical event, contemporary show/movie, etc."?
Read the following and decide which is the counterargument and which is the rebuttal?
Argument: The primary focus in medical end-of-life decisions should be on patient consent, rather than doctor intention, because it is not a breach against a patient's rights if s/he consents to the termination of their life.
1. ___________: Terminally ill patients are likely to be depressed, and, therefore, unable to consent to their hastened death in a balanced or acceptable way.
2. ___________: Depression can be managed. The relevance of depression must be made on a case-by-case basis. Depression does not warrant a general rule prohibiting patients from consenting to a hastened death.
What is counterargument and then rebuttal?
Example of __________ fallacy: We should have conscription. People don't want to enter the military because they find it an inconvenience. But they should realize that there are more important things than convenience.
What is a straw man fallacy?