Phlebotomy Basics
Phlebotomy comes from two Greek words. What does phlebos mean?
Vein
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Which color tube is used for coagulation tests?
Light Blue (sodium citrate)
What is the body’s steady state called?
Homeostasis
What is the most common antiseptic used for venipuncture?
70% isopropyl alcohol
What law ensures patient privacy and confidentiality?
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
What does the acronym RACE stand for in fire safety?
Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish
Serum is plasma without __________________
Clotting factors (fibrinogen)
Name the three layers of the heart.
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
What is the correct angle for venipuncture needle insertion?
15–30 degrees
What are the 4 main branches of hospital structure?
Fiscal/Information, Support Services, Nursing, Professional Services
Name 2 bloodborne pathogens that phlebotomists are at risk for.
Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), HIV
Which department would test urine specimens?
Urinalysis
Which veins are commonly used for venipuncture in the antecubital fossa?
Median Cubital, Cephalic, Basilic
What order of draw tube color comes first?
Blood cultures (yellow/SPS bottles)
Which lab department tests CBCs and uses lavender tubes?
Hematology
What is the most important infection control practice?
Handwashing (hand hygiene)
What is the correct order of draw for the first 3 tubes?
1. Blood cultures (yellow/SPS), 2. Light Blue, 3. Red (or SST)
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation
What is the function of polymer gel in SST tubes?
Separates serum from cells after centrifugation
What federal law governs laboratory standards and quality?
CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act)
What year was the Needle Stick Safety and Prevention Act passed?
2001
What does CLIA stand for?
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act
Name the 5 types of white blood cells.
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
List the 9 steps in the correct order of draw.
1. Blood cultures (yellow/SPS)
2. Light Blue (citrate)
3. Red (plain)
4. Gold/Tiger top (SST)
5. Green (heparin)/Light Green (PST)
6. Lavender (EDTA)
7. Gray (fluoride/oxalate)