This is considered the "Gold Standard" for determining causal relationships
What is Experimental research
100
These are rules and norms that are instilled in consciousness during childhood
What are internal social controls
100
Differential association and social learning theories are most likely to emphasize studies that examine social learning through communication with these types of others
What are intimate others
100
This is a state of normlessness, in which society fails to regulate expectations and behaviors of its members
What is anomie
100
This conception of deviance sees it as behaviors and conditions that are inherently deviant and occur in the same ways across social, economic, and political conditions.
What is objectively given, positivist, normative
200
This type of research is focused on factors associated with how deviance is distributed across different groups or factors thought to be causes or consequences of deviance.
What is descriptive
200
This bond is an emotional one that keeps us from engaging in deviant behavior
What is Attachment
200
The likelihood of rewards and punishments that will reinforce or diminish behaviors.
What is differential reinforcement
200
An example of this, one of Merton's five adaptations to strain, would be robbers, thieves, embezzlers, etc. who agree with societal goals, but lack the means to achieve them so they resort to stealing to achieve societal goals
What is Innovation
200
A systematic procedure that helps safe guard against researcher bias
What is the scientific method
300
This type of research would require the researcher to conduct participant observation as part of field research
What is Ethnographic Field Research
300
These are justifications or rationales for engaging in deviant behavior according to Sykes and Matza
What are Techniques of Neutralization
300
In Akers' SS-ST theory, gender, race, and economic class are these types of variables
What are structural variables
300
One of these types of strain, according to Agnew, are most likely to lead to deviant behavior and/or crime
What is strain that is perceived as unjust, or strain associated with low self-control
300
also referred to as social constructionist and reactionist or relativist perspectives of deviance
What is subjectively problematic
400
This type of research includes questions about behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs
What is survey research
400
this theory examines the different levels of control placed on boys and girls in patriarchal households
What is power control theory
400
Three things that must be present in order for deviance to be learned are: availability in insturction, encouragement to conduct deviant acts, and this
What is opportunity
400
According to Messner and Rosenfeld, this fosters an "anything goes" mentality for people when pursuing personal goals
What is the american dream
400
From this perspective deviance is viewed as being based on social, economic, and political conditions of society, and is established by those in power to maintain and enhance power
What is the critical perspective
500
This entity is comprised of important committees to review and approve research involving human subjects
What is the Institutional Review Board or (IRB)
500
To life-course theorists, this is the pathway or line of development of deviancy over a life span, referring to long-term patterns of life behavior and marked by sequence of transitions
What is Trajectory
500
Referring to the level of observation, differential association is this type of theory
What is a micro theory
500
This concept suggests that socioeconomic inequality has a direct effect on community crime rates
What is relative deprivation
500
An example of this is being able to view the world and troubles in terms of historical change and institutional contradiction.