Module 4
Local militia, or _____________, got their name because they were ready to fight at a moment’s notice.
Minute Men
Britain forced American merchants to pay high taxes on imports or exports called _________. Ultimately, the costs would be passed on to customers, who had to pay higher prices for the goods.
tariffs
The idea that political power belongs to the people is called ______.
popular sovereignty
_________________ contributed many ideas that shaped the Constitution and became known as the Father of the Constitution.
James Madison
Foreign-born people whose parents are not citizens of the United States may become ____________ of the United States. First, they apply for citizenship. Then they go through a process that leads to citizenship.
naturalized citizens
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point for the Patriots?
The Patriots gained the support of France and Spain.
A _______________ is a set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government.
constitution
The _________________was held in May 1787 in Philadelphia’s Independence Hall to improve the Articles of Confederation. However, delegates would leave with an entirely new U.S. Constitution.
Constitutional Convention
The _______________, people who opposed the Constitution, thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states and did not guarantee rights for the people.
Antifederlist
The Fifth Amendment says that the government cannot punish anyone without ______ of law. This means the law must be fairly applied.
due process
After King George III refused to address the colonists' concerns, delegates from 12 colonies met again in Philadelphia for the ________________.
Second Continental Congress
Many states’ constitutions expanded ___________, or the right to vote, by allowing any white man who paid taxes to vote.
suffrage
The branch of government responsible for interpreting the laws is the ________.
Judicial Branch
Groups that collect money for candidates who support certain political issues are called _________________.
political action committees
______ is an order authorities must get before they search someone’s property.
search warrent
__________ was passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies.
The Tea Act
Because the Confederation Congress had no power to regulate ____________________ — trade between two or more states—states followed their own trade interests.
interstate commerce
_____ was an agreement that gave each state one vote in the upper house of the legislature and a number of representatives based on its population in the lower house.
Great Compromise.
Linking themselves to the idea of federalism, the people who supported the Constitution took the name _____________.
federalist
The Fifth Amendment says that the government cannot punish anyone without ______ of law. This means the law must be fairly applied.
due process
During the ____________ colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.
Boston Tea Party
The agreement to create a two-house legislature became known as the _______. Under this compromise, Congress would have two houses. Each state, regardless of size, would have two representatives in the Senate. In the House of Representatives, the number of representatives would be determined by the state’s population.
Great Compromise
The framers of the Constitution included a method for ___________ , or changing, the Constitution. They wanted the government to be able to adapt as changes were needed. The process for amending, or adding amendments to, the Constitution
amending
In 1967 _____________ became the Supreme Court's first African American justice.
Thurgood Marshall
The_______ includes the president and the departments that help run the government. It makes sure that laws are carried out.
Executive branch