Stay Classy
I'm more than my measures!
Hardwired
Control Yourself
I learn, therefore I am
ATTENTION!
100
Is balance a motor ability or a motor skill?
ability
100
If a group of subjects was measured at the beginning of a study, and then again at the end, what type of statistical analysis should be used?
dependent (paired) t-test
100
What type of neurons send nerve impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to produce voluntary muscle actions?
alpha motor neurons
100
What does a generalized motor program govern? (solving the degrees of freedom problem)
Class of actions
100
What are Gentile's stages of learning based on?
Goals of the stage
100
What are the 4 factors that influence our attention capacity?
Arousal
Enduring dispositions
Momentary intentions
Evaluation of demands
150
What motor ability, lends itself to the motor skill of juggling?
hand-eye-coordination, and a smaller degree finger dexterity (grasping)
150
What would an instructor’s error score be if she tended to be late to class?
High or Low AE, CE, and VE?
High AE: not "on time" will result in this increasing +/-)
High CE: always late/positive score
Low VE: always opposite of CE
150
Identify the green, yellow and pink sections; what lobe are they located in?
Green: Primary motor cortex
Pink: Supplementary motor area (SMA)
Yellow: Premotor area
All in frontal lobe
150
What movement characteristics are variable and must be programmed into each performance of a motor skill’s GMP
Parameters (Schema theory)
150
What are the goals of Gentile's "initial stage" of learning?
1. Obtain a motor pattern
2. Discern between regulatory and non-regulatory conditions
150
What is arousal? How does it effect performance?
Too little: poor
Too much: poor
optimal amount for peak performance
(Yereks-dodson inverted U concept)
200
Is driving a car more of a fine, gross, or middle of the continuum motor skill?
middle of the continuum
-Arms and ankles doing majority
200
In an instructor was always on time and ready to start class at 10 after the hour, what would their error score be?
High or Low AE, CE, and VE?
Low AE
Low CE
Low VE
200
Identify the blue, upper pink, green, and yellow sections and state which lobe they are located in.
Blue: primary somatosensory cortex - parietal
Pink: Somatosensory area - parietal
Green: Visual association area - occipital
Yellow: Visual cortex - occipital
200
What are the three main aspects of "self-organization" of Dynamic Systems Theory?
1. Multi-limb Coordination
2. Seeking Stability
3. Adapting to the Environment
200
What stage of learning according to Fitts and Posner do learners have attention demands exceeding their capacity?
Cognitive
200
The stroop effect is an example of our ability to do what?
parallel processing
250
Is driving your car around town more of a discrete, continuous, or serial motor skill?
serial
250
A car slams on their brakes in front of you, identify (A-B, B-C, C etc.) the stimulus, reaction time (RT), and movement time (MT) for the scenario:
A B C
l__________l__________l
A: brake lights of person in front of you light up
B: lift your foot off the gas pedal
C: hit your brake pedal
A: stimulus (brake lights of person in front of you light up)
A-B: Reaction time
B-C: Movement time
250
Why is the parietal lobe so important for voluntary motor control?
Where feedback is processed (from PNS) and communicated to the frontal lobe for proper motor responses sent out
250
When at bat in baseball:
The initial forward step, pivot of the back foot, rotation of the torso and subsequent forward movement of the upper body limbs, then bat, are examples of what characteristics of a GMP?
Movement sequence: invariant feature
Along with relative time and force of the movement components
250
In F&P's associative stage and early in Gentile's "later stages" is where open and closed skills have the same goals, but different prioritizing of said goals.
Which skills prioritize which goal/s?
Open: diversifying
Closed: consistency & low economy of effort
250
When a coach gives you a cue, what are they doing to help improve your performance?
Focus your attention --> momentary intention
300
According to Gentile’s 4x4 taxonomy, classify how open or closed of a motor skill "A skilled person wake boarding, on a busy lake" is by addressing each of the following variables:
Intertrial variability or No
Body transport or No
Object manipulation or No
In-motion or Stationary regulatory conditions
Fairly Open:
Intertrial variability
No Body transport
Object manipulation
In-motion regulatory conditions
300
In the same scenario (the car infront of you slammed on the brakes), if we fractionated the RT using EMG, where on this timeline would we find the pre-motor and motor component?
A B C
l__________l__________l
A: brake lights of person in front of you light up
B: lift your foot off the gas pedal
C: hit your brake pedal
between A and B (reaction time)
EMG activity begins with "motor component" before observable movement occurs.
Indicates information processing and planning of response (action preparation)
300
Alpha motor neurons carry the instructions from the CNS to what? What controls the necessary muscle activation "on site?"
motor units
Large motor units: gross movements
Small motor units: fine movements
300
Our activity of finger pinching in Anti-phase, then speeding up and ending up in-phase is an examples of what?
Attractor states - preferred states of stability and low energy cost
300
After learning how to surf over 3 weeks using an artificial wave pool, Callie was assessed on her skill level another week later in the same wave pool.
What kind of test to measure learning is this?
Retention Test
300
Someone who has been driving all over the world, for 40 years can theoretically multi-task when driving in their home town. Why?
Freed-up attention.
Greater attention capacity, most likely due to optimal arousal level, lower enduring dispositions, self momentary intention abilities, and practiced evaluation of demands
350
According to Gentile’s 4x4 taxonomy, classify how open or closed of a motor skill "running on a treadmill, at a set speed" is, by addressing each of the following variables:
Intertrial variability or No
Body transport or No
Object manipulation or No
In-motion or Stationary regulatory conditions
Very Closed
No Intertrial variability
Body transport
No Object manipulation
Stationary regulatory conditions
350
Identify the production measure and the outcome measure in the following scenario:
After Louie's long jump attempt his score of 12'2" was lower than his average. His couch showed him a video of his attempt and he notices he extended his legs to land too early.
Production: video of his attempt/motion analysis of early leg extension
Outcome: score/12'2"
350
What is innate ability to time a catch or block of something coming at you called? what is it based on?
Tau/time to contact
Rate of retinal expansion, of the "image"
350
In the finger-pinching activity, the shift from anti-phase to in-phase is called what in DST? What causes these shifts?
Phase transition
Control parameters (increase in speed in this case)
350
What is the difference between "10 years" of playing a sport and "10-years of deliberate practice?"
Practicing what you're bad at. Practicing with the explicit goal of improving your skill.
350
What is the theory that states, actions are best planned by their intended outcomes?
Action-effect Hypothesis