Thorax and Lungs
This landmark marks the level of the tracheal bifurcation.
What is the sternal angle (Angle of Louis, T4–T5)?
This chamber forms the apex of the heart.
What is the left ventricle?
This nerve runs anterior to the root of the lung.
What is the phrenic nerve?
This structure forms the floor of the inguinal canal.
What is the inguinal ligament?
This ligament contains the portal triad.
What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?
These ribs do not attach to the sternum in any way.
What are ribs 11 and 12 (floating ribs)?
This heart sound corresponds to the closure of the AV valves.
What is S1 (“lub”)?
This landmark divides the superior and inferior mediastinum.
What is the sternal angle (T4–T5 plane)?
This structure enters the deep inguinal ring (females and males)
What is the spermatic cord?
What is the round ligament of the uterus?
This organ lies in the left upper quadrant and under ribs 9–12.
What is the spleen?
This type of pleura is innervated by somatic nerves and is highly pain-sensitive.
What is the parietal pleura?
This artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum.
What is the LAD (left anterior descending artery)?
This duct drains lymph into the left venous angle.
Answer: What is the thoracic duct?
Indirect inguinal hernias pass in this relation to the inferior epigastric vessels. (medial or lateral)
What is lateral?
This duct joins the common bile duct at the major duodenal papilla.
What is the main pancreatic duct?
This main bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical.
What is the right main bronchus?
This vein accompanies the posterior descending artery in the posterior interventricular sulcus.
What is the middle cardiac vein?
This nerve loops under the aortic arch near the ligamentum arteriosum.
What is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?
These are the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle.
What are the rectus abdominis (medial), inferior epigastric vessels (lateral), and inguinal ligament (inferior)?
This recess is a critical site for detecting free intraperitoneal fluid in supine patients.
What is the hepatorenal recess (Morison’s pouch)?
This recess is the lowest part of the pleural cavity in an upright patient.
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
This structure carries right bundle branch fibers to the anterior papillary muscle.
What is the moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)?
These three structures pass through the diaphragm at T8, T10, and T12.
What are the IVC (T8), esophagus + vagal trunks (T10), and aorta + thoracic duct + azygos vein (T12)?
These three layers make up the coverings of the spermatic cord.
What are the external spermatic fascia (apo external oblique), cremasteric fascia/muscle (internal oblique), and internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)?
These structures form the boundaries of the omental (epiploic) foramen.
What are the hepatoduodenal ligament (anterior), IVC (posterior), caudate lobe (superior), and the first part of the duodenum (inferior)?